Everything a Law Student Needs.

Internships, opportunities, news, notes, CLAT & tools — all in one place.

Trusted by 1 Lakh+ law students across India

Find your next Internship Moot Fellowship Job Competition Call for Papers Scholarship Opportunity

Krishna Saurastri Associates LLP related to Patent Associate or Senior Associate at Krishna & Saurastri Associates LLP: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Patent Associate or Senior Associate at Krishna & Saurastri Associates LLP: Apply Now!

By

October 21, 2026

Litigation Internship with Amit Kumar Rana Special Public Prosecutor CBI related to Litigation Internship with Amit Kumar Rana, Special Public Prosecutor, CBI:

Legal Internships

Litigation Internship with Amit Kumar Rana, Special Public Prosecutor, CBI: Apply Now!

By

October 21, 2026

Trace Law Partners related to Remote Associate at Trace Law Partners: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Remote Legal Job | Associate at Trace Law Partners: Apply Now!

By

October 21, 2026

Krit Legal Delhi related to Legal Internship at Krit Legal, Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Krit Legal, Delhi: Apply Now!

By

October 21, 2026

NLUO

Call for Papers

Call for Submissions: NLUO Student Law Journal, Volume IX — Apply by 31 March 2027!

By

October 21, 2026

IMPRI related to Remote Internship at IMPRI Impact and Policy Research Institute: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Remote Internship at IMPRI Impact and Policy Research Institute: Apply Now!

By

October 21, 2026

Income Tax Department Delhi related to Government Jobs at Income Tax Department, Delhi: 119 Sports Quota Vacancies, Apply by 10 November 2026!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Government Jobs at Income Tax Department, Delhi: 119 Sports Quota Vacancies, Apply by 10 November 2026!

By

October 21, 2026

Stratage Law Partners related to Legal Job | Associate – Investment Funds at Stratage Law Partners, Mumbai: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Associate – Investment Funds at Stratage Law Partners, Mumbai: Apply Now!

By

October 21, 2026

Indus Experts related to Legal Associate at Indus EXPERTS, Noida: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Associate at Indus EXPERTS, Noida: Apply Now!

By

October 21, 2026

Directorate General of Foreign Trade related to Legal Job | Young Professional at Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Young Professional at Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), New Delhi: Apply Now!

By

October 21, 2026

CCLE

Legal Internships

Remote Research Internship at CCLE, New Delhi: Application on Rolling Basis!

By

October 20, 2026

Screenshot 20261020 173521 related to Chennai Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College Wins 2nd Surana & Surana and VMLS State-Level Tamil Family & Cyber L

Law School News

Chennai Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College Wins 2nd Surana & Surana and VMLS State-Level Tamil Family & Cyber Law Moot Court Competition 2025

By

October 20, 2026

Supreme20Court20of20India 1 related to On-Site Legal Internship with AOR Ashutosh Kumar Shukla, Supreme Court of India: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

On-Site Legal Internship with AOR Ashutosh Kumar Shukla, Supreme Court of India: Apply Now!

By

October 20, 2026

Legal internships – apply now

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at the Office of Adv. Ashwini Upadhyay, Delhi: Apply by October 30!

By

October 20, 2026

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at White Olive Law Partners LLP, New Delhi [November–December 2026]: Apply Now!

By

October 20, 2026

Advocate Zaya Firdaus internship

Legal Internships

Remote Legal Internship at Advocate Zaya Firdaus [November–December 2026]: Apply Now!

By

October 20, 2026

Legal Internships

Paid Compliance & Legal Internship at Airbound, Bengaluru: Apply Now!

By

October 20, 2026

NUSRL ICSSR related to ICSSR-Sponsored Capacity Building Programme on Socio-Legal Research at NUSRL, Ranchi: Apply by 15 November 2026!

Other opportunities

ICSSR-Sponsored Capacity Building Programme on Socio-Legal Research at NUSRL, Ranchi: Apply by 15 November 2026!

By

October 20, 2026

Kotak Mahindra Prime Limited related to Legal Jobs at Kotak Mahindra Prime Limited, Noida: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Jobs at Kotak Mahindra Prime Limited, Noida: Apply Now!

By

October 20, 2026

Clause Coffee related to Remote Internship at Clause & Coffee [Conference Delegate Acquisition]: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Remote Internship at Clause & Coffee [Conference Delegate Acquisition]: Apply Now!

By

October 20, 2026

Bennett University

Call for Papers

Call for Papers: International Conference on Consumer Protection at Bennett University: Apply by 10 December 2026!

By

October 20, 2026

National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi (NUSRL) crest

Other opportunities

Call for Blogs at Labour Desk, Volume II by CLLR, NUSRL: Submit Now!

By

October 20, 2026

Screenshot 20261020 174551 related to MNLU Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Team Wins 2nd CCI–MNLU(CS) National Antitrust Moot Court Competition 2026

Law School News

JGLS Team Wins 2nd CCI–MNLU(CS) National Antitrust Moot Court Competition 2026

By

October 20, 2026

S.S. Rana & Co.

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Patent Paralegal/Office Assistant at S.S. Rana & Co., Chennai: Apply Now

By

October 20, 2026

More filters

Sort Closing in 7 days

Paid Legal Internship at the Trade Law Bureau (JLT), Global Affairs Canada, Ottawa: Apply by October 16!

Legal Internships Paid Legal InternshipDeadline passed

Paid Legal Internship at the Trade Law Bureau (JLT), Global Affairs Canada, Ottawa: Apply by October 16!

ByTeam LexibalSep 28, 2026

Remote Legal Job | Assistant II at LOGS Legal Group LLP: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Remote Legal Job | Assistant II at LOGS Legal Group LLP: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalSep 28, 2026

Legal Internship at Trustworthy Legal Partners LLP, Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Legal Internship at Trustworthy Legal Partners LLP, Delhi: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalSep 28, 2026

Legal Internship at Navkar Associates, Indore: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Legal Internship at Navkar Associates, Indore: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalSep 28, 2026

TNDALU International Conference on United Nations and the Changing Global Order [UNCGO 2026]: Submit by October 15!

Call for PapersDeadline passed

TNDALU International Conference on United Nations and the Changing Global Order [UNCGO 2026]: Submit by October 15!

ByTeam LexibalSep 28, 2026

1st Principal H. Munir Memorial National Debate Competition 2026 at NEF Law College, Guwahati: Register by September 30!

Other opportunitiesDeadline passed

1st Principal H. Munir Memorial National Debate Competition 2026 at NEF Law College, Guwahati: Register by September 30!

ByTeam LexibalSep 28, 2026

National Conference on Fintech Law and Tax Regulation by Saveetha School of Law, SIMATS: Register by October 22!

Call for PapersCloses in 1 day

National Conference on Fintech Law and Tax Regulation by Saveetha School of Law, SIMATS: Register by October 22!

ByTeam LexibalSep 28, 2026

Legal Internship at SSP Legal Associates Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Legal Internship at SSP Legal Associates Delhi: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalSep 28, 2026

Paid Legal Internship at FSSAI, New Delhi: Apply by Oct 1st!

Legal Internships Government Internships

Paid Legal Internship at FSSAI, New Delhi: Apply by Oct 1st!

ByTeam LexibalSep 27, 2026

Moot Court Competition at CGC University, Mohali: Register by October 5, 2026

Moot Court CompetitionsDeadline passed

Moot Court Competition at CGC University, Mohali: Register by October 5, 2026

ByTeam LexibalSep 27, 2026

Remote Legal Internship at Talon Advocacy: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Online Legal InternshipsDeadline passed

Remote Legal Internship at Talon Advocacy: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalSep 27, 2026

AAYAM’26 | 2-Day Multi-Competition Law Fest by Sri Sathya Sai College for Women, Bhopal: Register Now!

Other opportunities

AAYAM’26 | 2-Day Multi-Competition Law Fest by Sri Sathya Sai College for Women, Bhopal: Register Now!

ByTeam LexibalSep 27, 2026

Call for Papers: Viksit Bharat @2047 Countrywide Conference by Kishinchand Chellaram Law College: Submit by October 10!

Call for PapersDeadline passed

Call for Papers: Viksit Bharat @2047 Countrywide Conference by Kishinchand Chellaram Law College: Submit by October 10!

ByTeam LexibalSep 27, 2026

3rd Arun Jaitley Memorial National Moot Court Competition at ITM University-Gwalior: Register by October 5!

Moot Court CompetitionsDeadline passed

3rd Arun Jaitley Memorial National Moot Court Competition at ITM University-Gwalior: Register by October 5!

ByTeam LexibalSep 27, 2026

Call for Papers: 2nd International Conference on Revisiting Criminal Laws by ICFAI Law School, Jaipur: Submit by October 21!

Call for PapersApply today

Call for Papers: 2nd International Conference on Revisiting Criminal Laws by ICFAI Law School, Jaipur: Submit by October 21!

ByTeam LexibalSep 27, 2026

The NUALS Moot 2026 – Third Edition at NUALS Kochi: Register by October 3!

Moot Court CompetitionsDeadline passed

The NUALS Moot 2026 – Third Edition at NUALS Kochi: Register by October 3!

ByTeam LexibalSep 27, 2026

6th All India Moot Court Competition by Quantum University School of Law: Register by October 24!

Moot Court CompetitionsCloses in 3 days

6th All India Moot Court Competition by Quantum University School of Law: Register by October 24!

ByTeam LexibalSep 27, 2026

Remote Legal Internship at Sakcham (Legal Data Analyst Intern): Apply Now!

Legal Internships Online Legal Internships

Remote Legal Internship at Sakcham (Legal Data Analyst Intern): Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalSep 27, 2026

Stay updated with Legal News Supreme Court High Courts Judgments Law Updates Legal Affairs Case Laws Latest News

file 00000000eef882119872c6e209583692

₹5,000 After 15 Years? Himachal HC Says Wife’s Maintenance Cannot Be “Illusory”

file 000000009a34821195e25e94f2b6fdca 10

SC Says Domestic Cruelty Law Can Protect Women in Marriage-Like Live-Ins

file 00000000a5f08207b8811d27fd17dce1

Karnataka High Court Stays Case Against Man Accused of ‘Ghosting’, ‘Seen-Zoning’ Partner Under BNS Section 69

file 00000000a5c88208b8e75c946341b836 1

Allahabad HC Quashes Advocate’s History Sheet, Calls for Overhaul of ‘19th Century’ UP Police Rules

file 0000000006148211ae7a319fb1abd4ef

Delhi High Court Summons Abhijit Iyer-Mitra, The Pamphlet, Law Beat and Others in Privacy Suit by Saurav Das

file 00000000585c8211845a97032c64c8eb

Supreme Court’s ‘Industry’ Verdict Produces Split; Bangalore Water Supply Test Continues for Pending Cases

file 0000000032c482118ca018e53758f599

CJAR Seeks BCI Chief’s Exit, Raises Questions Over Tenure and Bar Council Finances

file 0000000059c88208bbefe2e069e66373 1

BREAKING | Supreme Court Cuts Judicial Service Practice Requirement to 1 Year; Adds 2-Year Training & Clerkship

Explore our latest Posts Legal Notes Internships Job Updates Moot Courts Opportunities Case Laws Law Updates

Krishna Saurastri Associates LLP related to Patent Associate or Senior Associate at Krishna & Saurastri Associates LLP: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Patent Associate or Senior Associate at Krishna & Saurastri Associates LLP: Apply Now!

Litigation Internship with Amit Kumar Rana Special Public Prosecutor CBI related to Litigation Internship with Amit Kumar Rana, Special Public Prosecutor, CBI:

Legal Internships

Litigation Internship with Amit Kumar Rana, Special Public Prosecutor, CBI: Apply Now!

Trace Law Partners related to Remote Associate at Trace Law Partners: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Remote Legal Job | Associate at Trace Law Partners: Apply Now!

Krit Legal Delhi related to Legal Internship at Krit Legal, Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Krit Legal, Delhi: Apply Now!

NLUO

Call for Papers

Call for Submissions: NLUO Student Law Journal, Volume IX — Apply by 31 March 2027!

IMPRI related to Remote Internship at IMPRI Impact and Policy Research Institute: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Remote Internship at IMPRI Impact and Policy Research Institute: Apply Now!

Income Tax Department Delhi related to Government Jobs at Income Tax Department, Delhi: 119 Sports Quota Vacancies, Apply by 10 November 2026!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Government Jobs at Income Tax Department, Delhi: 119 Sports Quota Vacancies, Apply by 10 November 2026!

Stratage Law Partners related to Legal Job | Associate – Investment Funds at Stratage Law Partners, Mumbai: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Associate – Investment Funds at Stratage Law Partners, Mumbai: Apply Now!

Indus Experts related to Legal Associate at Indus EXPERTS, Noida: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Associate at Indus EXPERTS, Noida: Apply Now!

Directorate General of Foreign Trade related to Legal Job | Young Professional at Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Young Professional at Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), New Delhi: Apply Now!

CCLE

Legal Internships

Remote Research Internship at CCLE, New Delhi: Application on Rolling Basis!

Screenshot 20261020 173521 related to Chennai Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College Wins 2nd Surana & Surana and VMLS State-Level Tamil Family & Cyber L

Law School News

Chennai Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College Wins 2nd Surana & Surana and VMLS State-Level Tamil Family & Cyber Law Moot Court Competition 2025

Explore notes on Constitutional Law Criminal Law Administrative Law Contract Law Family Law Jurisprudence Property Law International Law

Constitutional Law

Contract Law

Criminal Law

Company Law

Tort Law

CPC

LAW ENTRANCES & CAREER

CLAT Preparation

Study Material, PYQs, Strategy & More

Judiciary Exams

Preparation for PCS-J, HJS & More

AIBE Exam

Syllabus, Preparation Tips & PYQs

LLM Guides

Colleges, Exams & Application Process

Career Guides

Internship Tips, CV, Interviews & More

LEX TOOLS

Attendance Manager

Track, Manage & Improve Attendance

Lex Formmater

Generate Accurate Legal formation

GPA Calculator

Calculate SGPA & CGPA Instantly

PDF Tools

Merge, Compress, Convert & More

Resume Builder

Create Your Legal Resume Online

AI Legal Assistant New

Ask Legal Questions, Get Instant Answers

👥

50K+

Community

📚

2.5K+

Resources

🚀

10K+

Opportunities

⚖️

25+

Tools

🏆

One

Platform

BNSS Notes

View More Posts

Section 428 – Judgments of subordinate Appellate Court

Section 428 of BNSS, 2023 — Judgments of Subordinate Appellate Court

Section 484 – Amount of bond and reduction thereof

Section 484 of BNSS, 2023 — Amount of Bond and Reduction Thereof

Section 412 – Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation

Section 412 of BNSS, 2023 — Procedure in Cases Submitted to High Court for Confirmation

Section 155 – Penalty for failure to comply with section 154

Section 155 BNSS — Penalty for Failure to Comply with Section 154

# Section 332 – Evidence of Formal Character on Affidavit ## Introduction Section 332 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 deals with evidence of a formal character being given by affidavit. The provision allows a person whose evidence is of a formal character to give such evidence by affidavit. The affidavit may then be read as evidence in an inquiry, trial or other proceeding under the BNSS, subject to all just exceptions. The provision also protects the rights of the prosecution and the accused by allowing the Court to summon and examine the person who has given the affidavit. ## Meaning of Evidence of Formal Character Evidence of a formal character refers to evidence relating to matters that are formal, routine or official in nature and which generally do not require extensive oral examination. Section 332 provides a simplified method of presenting such evidence through an affidavit instead of requiring the person to appear personally before the Court in every case. The main purpose is to reduce unnecessary delay and formalities in criminal proceedings. ## Statutory Basis **Section 332, BNSS, 2023 – Evidence of formal character on affidavit** The section provides that: * A person whose evidence is of a formal character may give that evidence by affidavit. * The affidavit may be read as evidence in an inquiry, trial or other proceeding. * The Court may summon and examine the person concerning the facts stated in the affidavit. * The Court shall summon and examine the person when the prosecution or the accused applies for such examination. ## Essential Elements ### 1. Evidence Must Be of a Formal Character The provision applies where the evidence of the concerned person is of a formal character. It is not intended to replace ordinary oral evidence in every criminal case. ### 2. Evidence May Be Given by Affidavit The person may provide the formal evidence in the form of an affidavit. This avoids the necessity of personal appearance merely for proving formal matters. ### 3. Affidavit May Be Read in Evidence The affidavit may be read as evidence in: * an inquiry; * a trial; or * any other proceeding under the BNSS. However, the affidavit is subject to all just exceptions. ### 4. Court May Summon the Deponent The Court may, if it thinks fit, summon and examine the person who made the affidavit concerning the facts stated in it. ### 5. Court Shall Summon on Application If the prosecution or the accused applies for the examination of the person who made the affidavit, the Court shall summon and examine that person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ## Procedure The procedure under Section 332 can be understood as follows: 1. A person has evidence of a formal character relevant to a criminal proceeding. 2. The person gives the evidence by affidavit. 3. The affidavit is placed before the Court. 4. The affidavit may be read as evidence, subject to all just exceptions. 5. The Court may itself decide that the deponent should be summoned and examined. 6. If the prosecution or accused applies for examination, the Court shall summon the deponent. 7. The Court examines the person concerning the facts stated in the affidavit. 8. The Court considers the affidavit and any examination of the deponent along with the other evidence. ## Purpose of Section 332 The main objectives of Section 332 are: * to reduce unnecessary personal attendance of witnesses; * to simplify proof of formal matters; * to save judicial time; * to reduce procedural delays; * to facilitate speedy disposal of criminal proceedings; and * to preserve the right of the prosecution and accused to seek examination of the deponent. ## Powers of the Court Section 332 gives the Court both discretionary and mandatory powers. ### Discretionary Power The Court may summon and examine the person who has given the affidavit if it thinks fit. This allows the Court to obtain clarification or further information whenever necessary. ### Mandatory Power When the prosecution or accused applies for examination of the deponent, the Court shall summon and examine that person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. Therefore, both sides have the right to seek examination of the person whose affidavit is being relied upon. ## Rights of the Accused The accused has an important safeguard under Section 332. If the accused wishes to examine the person who has given the affidavit, the accused may apply to the Court. Upon such application, the Court is required to summon and examine the person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ## Rights of the Prosecution The prosecution has the same right. If the prosecution considers examination of the deponent necessary, it may apply to the Court. The Court shall then summon and examine the person concerning the facts stated in the affidavit. ## Meaning of "Subject to All Just Exceptions" The affidavit may be read in evidence subject to all just exceptions. This means that Section 332 does not override the general rules governing admissibility of evidence. The filing of an affidavit does not automatically make every statement contained in it admissible or conclusive. The Court must still consider the applicable rules of evidence. ## Important Distinctions ### Formal Evidence and Substantive Evidence Formal evidence generally concerns routine or official matters. Substantive evidence may concern disputed facts requiring detailed examination. Section 332 specifically deals with evidence of a **formal character**. ### Affidavit and Oral Evidence Section 332 allows formal evidence to be presented through an affidavit. However, the person may still be summoned and examined by the Court. This is especially important when the prosecution or accused requests examination. ### Section 331 and Section 332 These two provisions should not be confused. **Section 331:** Deals specifically with affidavit in proof of the conduct of public servants where allegations concerning a public servant are made in an application. **Section 332:** Deals generally with evidence of a formal character being given by affidavit. Therefore, Section 332 is broader and is not limited to public servants. ## Relationship with Section 333 Section 333 BNSS deals with the authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn or affirmed. The provisions can be remembered together: * **Section 331:** Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants. * **Section 332:** Evidence of formal character on affidavit. * **Section 333:** Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn. ## BNSS and CrPC Section 332 of the BNSS corresponds to **Section 296 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973**. The basic principle has been substantially retained. Both provisions provide for: * evidence of a formal character by affidavit; * reading of the affidavit as evidence; * the Court's power to summon and examine the deponent; and * mandatory examination when the prosecution or accused applies. ## Relationship with BSA The BNSS deals with criminal procedure, while the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 deals with the law of evidence. Section 332 provides the procedural mechanism for presenting formal evidence through an affidavit. It does not mean that every fact stated in the affidavit automatically becomes admissible or conclusive. The relevance, admissibility and evidentiary value of the material continue to be determined according to the applicable law of evidence. ## Example Suppose an officer has to provide formal evidence concerning an official record in a criminal proceeding. Instead of requiring the officer to personally appear before the Court merely to establish the formal facts, the officer may provide the evidence through an affidavit under Section 332. The affidavit may be read as evidence. If the accused considers examination of the officer necessary, the accused may apply to the Court. The Court shall then summon and examine the officer concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ## Common Confusions ### Does every witness have the right to give evidence by affidavit? **No.** Section 332 applies specifically to a person whose evidence is **of a formal character**. ### Can the Court refuse to examine the deponent when the accused applies? **No.** When the accused or prosecution applies for examination, the Court shall summon and examine the person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ### Does filing an affidavit mean that the deponent can never be examined? **No.** The Court may summon and examine the deponent, and examination becomes mandatory when the prosecution or accused applies. ### Is Section 332 limited to public servants? **No.** Section 332 applies to a person whose evidence is of a formal character. Section 331 specifically concerns allegations relating to public servants. ## Topic at a Glance * **Topic:** Evidence of Formal Character on Affidavit * **BNSS Section:** Section 332 * **Nature:** Procedural provision concerning affidavit evidence * **Relevant person:** Person whose evidence is of a formal character * **Mode of evidence:** Affidavit * **Use:** Affidavit may be read as evidence * **Limitation:** Subject to all just exceptions * **Court's power:** May summon and examine the deponent * **Application by prosecution or accused:** Court shall summon and examine the deponent * **CrPC Equivalent:** Section 296, CrPC, 1973 ## Quick Revision * Section 332 BNSS deals with **evidence of formal character on affidavit**. * Evidence of a formal character may be given by affidavit. * The affidavit may be read as evidence in an inquiry, trial or other proceeding. * The affidavit is subject to **all just exceptions**. * The Court may summon and examine the person who gave the affidavit. * The Court **shall** summon and examine the person when the **prosecution or accused applies**. * Section 332 is not restricted to public servants. * Section 331 deals specifically with affidavits concerning the conduct of public servants. * Section 333 deals with authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn or affirmed. * Section 332 corresponds to **Section 296 of the CrPC, 1973**. ## Conclusion Section 332 BNSS provides a convenient procedure for presenting formal evidence through affidavits. It reduces the need for personal attendance in matters that are formal in nature while preserving the right of the prosecution and accused to seek examination of the deponent. The provision therefore balances **procedural efficiency, reduction of unnecessary delay, and the right to examine relevant evidence**. bnss-section-332-affidavit-evidence Section 332 BNSS permits evidence of a formal character to be given by affidavit and allows the Court to summon and examine the deponent when necessary or when requested by the prosecution or accused. Section 332 BNSS, evidence of formal character on affidavit, Section 332 BNSS notes, affidavit evidence BNSS 2023, formal evidence by affidavit, Section 332 explained, Section 296 CrPC, BNSS and CrPC comparison

Section 332 – Evidence of Formal Character on Affidavit

Section 42 – Protection of members of Armed Forces from arrest

Section 42 – Protection of Members of Armed Forces from Arrest – Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023

Section 331 – Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants

Section 331 – Affidavit in Proof of Conduct of Public Servants

Section 339 – Permission to conduct prosecution

Section 339 – Permission to Conduct Prosecution

Tax Laws Notes

View More Posts

Taxation of Banking and Insurance Sector

Taxation of Banking and Insurance Sector

Taxation of Digital Economy

Taxation of Digital Economy

Allowable and Disallowable Business Expenditure

Allowable and Disallowable Business Expenditure

Indirect Tax Reforms & Recent Developments

Indirect Tax Reforms & Recent Developments

Assessment and Audit under GST

Assessment and Audit under GST

Appeals and Revision under Income Tax Law

Appeals and Revision under Income Tax Law

Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAA)

Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAA)

Income from Salary

Income from Salary

Constitutional Law Notes

View More Posts

Article 50 – Separation of judiciary from executive

Article 50 – Separation of Judiciary from Executive

Article 20 – Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences

Article 20 – Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences

Article 32 – Remedies for Enforcement of Fundamental Rights

Article 32 – Remedies for Enforcement of Fundamental Rights

Article 4 – Laws made under Articles 2 and 3

Article 4 – Laws Made Under Articles 2 and 3

Article 75 – Other provisions as to Ministers

Article 75 – Other Provisions as to Ministers

Article 83 – Duration of Houses of Parliament

Article 83 – Duration of Houses of Parliament

Article 2 – Admission or Establishment of New States

Article 2 – Admission or Establishment of New States

Article 48 – Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry

Article 48 – Organisation of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

Legal Blogs

View More Posts

file 00000000dd1471fa8e35ff663e016d7c

Contract Drafting in Practice: A Step-by-Step Guide

10 Min Read

JUSTICE SURYA KANT

Justice Surya Kant: India’s 53rd Chief Justice

6 Min Read

Ram Jethmalani

Maverick of the Bar: The Life of Ram Jethmalani

6 Min Read

Best Free AI Tools for Law Students 20260531 120032 0000

Best Free AI Tools for Law Students

7 Min Read

Rio+20 Summit

A Critical Appreciation of the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20 Summit) and Its Efficacy

22 Min Read

CCTVs

In Re: Lack of Functional CCTVs in Police Stations: Jharkhand’s CCTV Compliance Standoff

8 Min Read

Online Internship Opportunity at MAYA

Online Internship Opportunity at MAYA, Apply Now!

3 Min Read

Your First Client Meeting

How to Prepare for Your First Client Meeting as a Law Student

6 Min Read

Call for Papers

View More Posts

Conference on “Global Convergence on Intellectual Property 2026” (CGCIP 2026) by VIPS and UNH

Conference on “Global Convergence on Intellectual Property 2026” (CGCIP 2026) by VIPS and UNH, USA, Submit by 8 March 2026!

4 Min Read

Journal of Intellectual Property Studies (JIPS), NLU Jodhpur

Call for Papers by Journal of Intellectual Property Studies (JIPS), NLU Jodhpur [Volume X, Issue 2]: Submit by July 15!

3 Min Read

Call for Papers_ NALSAR Law Review

Call for Papers: NALSAR Law Review (Volume 11) [No APC]: Submit by March 31!

7 Min Read

NUJS Law Review

Call for Papers by NUJS Law Review on Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code at 10: Submit Now!

3 Min Read

International Conference on Traditional Knowledge Systems 2026 by DME Law School

Call for Papers | International Conference on Traditional Knowledge Systems 2026 by DME Law School | Submit by 15 March!

5 Min Read

Call for Papers Opportunity at Journal of National Law University Delhi (JNLUD)

Call for Papers for the NLUD Journal on Labour (Third Issue 2026–27): Submit by September 30!

3 Min Read

DNLU Jabalpur

Call for Papers: 2nd Corporate Law Summit 2026 at DNLU Jabalpur: Submit Abstract by September 20!

6 Min Read

Journal of Business Laws

Call for Abstracts: Journal of Business Laws, NLIU Bhopal: Submit by 25th September!

5 Min Read

Guide

View More Posts

Bail Under the BNSS

Bail Under the BNSS: When Does Pre-Trial Detention Become Punishment?

Author Suneha Goria is a final-year B.A. LL.B. student at NIMS University,…

Section 19 of the BNSS, 2023 (Assistant Public Prosecutors)

Section 19 of the BNSS, 2023 (Assistant Public Prosecutors)

Section 19 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 governs the…

Supreme Court

Supreme Court Issues 10 Directions to Speed Up Dowry and Cruelty Trials

The Supreme Court has issued ten directions to improve enforcement of dowry…

How to Prepare for Open-Book Exams in Law

Learn how to prepare for open-book exams in law with smart strategies,…

Lexibal's WhatsApp

Latest Notes

View More Posts

Section 20 – When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant

Section 20 BSA: When Oral Admissions as to Contents of Documents Are Relevant

Section 19 – Proof of admissions against persons making them and by or on their behalf

Section 19 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Proof of Admissions Against Persons Making Them, and by or on Their Behalf

Section 17 – Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit

Section 17 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Admissions by Persons Whose Position Must Be Proved as Against a Party to Suit

Section 19 – Proof of admissions against persons making them and by or on their behalf

Section 19 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Proof of Admissions Against Persons Making Them, and by or on Their Behalf

Section 18 – Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit

Section 18 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Admissions by Persons Expressly Referred to by Party to Suit

Section 23 – Confession to police officer

Section 23 BSA: Confession to Police Officer

Section 22 – Confession caused by inducement threat coercion or promise when irrelevant in criminal proceeding

Section 22 BSA: Confession Caused by Inducement, Threat, Coercion or Promise

Section 22 – Confession caused by inducement threat coercion or promise when irrelevant in criminal proceeding

Section 22 BSA: Confession Caused by Inducement, Threat, Coercion or Promise