Everything a Law Student Needs.

Internships, opportunities, news, notes, CLAT & tools — all in one place.

Trusted by 1 Lakh+ law students across India

Find your next Internship Moot Fellowship Job Competition Call for Papers Scholarship Opportunity

Adv. Shreyas Jain Bhayander Mumbai related to Legal Internship at Chambers of Adv. Shreyas Jain, Bhayander, Mumbai: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Chambers of Adv. Shreyas Jain, Bhayander, Mumbai: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

Deeds Co related to Auto Draft

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Associate at Deeds & Co., Bengaluru: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

Advocate B Abishek related to Legal Internship and Associate Positions with Advocate B Abishek, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Internship and Associate Positions with Advocate B Abishek, New Delhi: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

Blinkit related to Legal Internship at Blinkit, Mumbai: Apply Now

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Blinkit, Mumbai: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

LexStart Partners Bengaluru related to Remote Legal Job | Associate / Senior Associate – VC Transactions at LexStart Partners, Bengaluru: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Remote Legal Job | Associate / Senior Associate – VC Transactions at LexStart Partners, Bengaluru: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

Panda Law Bengaluru related to Associate – General Corporate at Panda Law, Bengaluru: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Associate – General Corporate at Panda Law, Bengaluru: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

SNA related to Legal Job | Paralegal Positions in Patents Department at SNA, Gurugram: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Paralegal Positions in Patents Department at SNA, Gurugram: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

University of Aizu

Call for Papers

Call for Papers: ETLTC2027 Global Conference Series at University of Aizu, Japan: Submit by December 22, 2026

By

October 27, 2026

Globtier related to Legal Job | DPDP Implementation Lead / Privacy Consultant at Globtier Infotech Limited: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | DPDP Implementation Lead / Privacy Consultant at Globtier Infotech Limited: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

Call for Blogs: Office of Chair Professor Panchayati Raj, CNLU, Patna

Call for Papers

Call for Blogs: Office of Chair Professor Panchayati Raj, CNLU, Patna, Submissions on Rolling Basis!

By

October 27, 2026

Leiden University

Call for Papers

Call for Abstracts – Leiden University, Conference on Gender & Criminal Law 2027: Submit by October 31!

By

October 27, 2026

GLS Law Journal

Call for Papers

Call for Papers at GLS Law Journal, GLS University: Submit by October 31, 2026

By

October 27, 2026

Point University

Call for Papers

Call for Papers: CPUH Journal of Research in Social Sciences, Career Point University: Submit by October 31

By

October 27, 2026

HPNLU

Call for Papers

Call for Papers: HPNLU Journal of Tax Law, Vol. V: Submit by October 31!

By

October 27, 2026

RGNUL

Call for Papers

Call for Submissions: CASIHR Journal on Human Rights Practice, Volume 10, Issue II at RGNUL, Patiala — Apply by 15 December 2026!

By

Vikash Sankhala

October 27, 2026

Cambridge Journal of Climate Research

Call for Papers

Call for Submissions by Cambridge Journal of Climate Research: Submit by 27 February!

By

October 27, 2026

Alba Law Offices related to Legal Job | Associate – IP Prosecution & Opposition at Alba Law Offices, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Associate – Real Estate (Banking & Due Diligence) at Alba Law Offices, New Delhi: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

Tmpl consulatant related to Litigation Associate at TMPL, Mumbai: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Litigation Associate at TMPL, Mumbai: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

Ankita Phadke & Associates

Legal Internships

Paid Legal Internship at Ankita Phadke & Associates, Fort, Mumbai [3 Months Minimum]: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

Virtual Legal Internship at Dubey Law and Associates

Legal Internships

Paid Online Legal Internship at Dubey Law Associates LLP [November–December 2026]: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

ZR Legal & Associates

Legal Internships

Remote Paid Legal Internship at ZR Legal & Associates, Kolkata: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

file 00000000c2c8820ba3a383d43a0478d2

Legal Internships

Assessment Legal Internship at Lexspeak Legal, New Delhi: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

ASPA Lega

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at ASPA Legal, New Delhi: Apply Now!

By

October 27, 2026

LLM Advocates

Legal Internships

Remote Legal Internship at LLM Advocates [AI Data Analyst]: Apply by 28 Oct!

By

October 27, 2026

More filters

Sort Closing in 7 days

How to Get Your First Law Internship: A Step-by-Step Guide

Internship Guide

How to Get Your First Law Internship: A Step-by-Step Guide

ByVikash SankhalaApr 25, 2026

Tenant and Landlord Legal Guide: Rights and Responsibilities in Rental Agreements

Tenant and Landlord Legal Guide: Rights and Responsibilities in Rental Agreements

ByVikash SankhalaApr 25, 2026

Virtual Legal Internship Programme at AAR Attorney Alliance Advocates: Apply by April 28, 2026!

Legal InternshipsDeadline passed

Virtual Legal Internship Programme at AAR Attorney Alliance Advocates: Apply by April 28, 2026!

ByTeam LexibalApr 24, 2026

Legal Internship Opportunity at Dugong International Pvt. Ltd.: Apply Now

Legal Internships Law Firm InternshipRolling applications

Legal Internship Opportunity at Dugong International Pvt. Ltd.: Apply Now

ByTeam LexibalApr 24, 2026

Paid Legal Internship Opportunity at Commercial Law Chamber, New Delhi: Apply by April 30, 2026!

Legal Internships Law Firm InternshipDeadline passed

Paid Legal Internship Opportunity at Commercial Law Chamber, New Delhi: Apply by April 30, 2026!

ByTeam LexibalApr 24, 2026

Paralegal Opportunity at avvocats & partners LLP: Apply Now

Legal Jobs & VacanciesRolling applications

Paralegal Opportunity at avvocats & partners LLP: Apply Now

ByTeam LexibalApr 24, 2026

Legislative Research Internship at NFPRC Foundation, Noida / Delhi–NCR: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Legislative Research Internship at NFPRC Foundation, Noida / Delhi–NCR: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalApr 24, 2026

Internship Work: What You’ll Actually Do as a Law Student Intern

Internship Guide

Internship Work: What You’ll Actually Do as a Law Student Intern

ByTeam LexibalApr 24, 2026

Free Webinar on MBA After Law by Gauri Sreekumar (IIM Rohtak): Register Now!

Free Webinar on MBA After Law by Gauri Sreekumar (IIM Rohtak): Register Now!

ByTeam LexibalApr 23, 2026

Paid Legal Internship Opportunity at Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA), Gurugram: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Paid Legal Internship Opportunity at Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA), Gurugram: Apply Now!

ByVikash SankhalaApr 23, 2026

Legal Internship Opportunity at Law TGS Legals, New Delhi: Apply by April 27, 2026!

Legal InternshipsDeadline passed

Legal Internship Opportunity at Law TGS Legals, New Delhi: Apply by April 27, 2026!

ByVikash SankhalaApr 22, 2026

Junior Associate Job Opportunity at Chamber of Advocate Vertika Sharma, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Junior Associate Job Opportunity at Chamber of Advocate Vertika Sharma, New Delhi: Apply Now!

ByVikash SankhalaApr 22, 2026

How Law Students Can Publish Their First Legal Research Paper: A Practical Guide

How Law Students Can Publish Their First Legal Research Paper: A Practical Guide

ByVikash SankhalaApr 22, 2026

Research Fellowship Opportunity at NUALS Kochi: Apply by April 30, 2026!

Scholarships & FellowshipsDeadline passed

Research Fellowship Opportunity at NUALS Kochi: Apply by April 30, 2026!

ByVikash SankhalaApr 22, 2026

How to Start Mooting in Law School: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners

Moot Court Strategy

How to Start Mooting in Law School: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners

ByVikash SankhalaApr 22, 2026

Research Assistant Opportunity at DPIIT Chair on Intellectual Property Rights, NLSIU: Apply by April 30, 2026!

Other opportunitiesDeadline passed

Research Assistant Opportunity at DPIIT Chair on Intellectual Property Rights, NLSIU: Apply by April 30, 2026!

ByVikash SankhalaApr 22, 2026

Legal Internship Opportunity at Nirnay Law Offices, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Legal Internship Opportunity at Nirnay Law Offices, New Delhi: Apply Now!

ByVikash SankhalaApr 22, 2026

Call for Papers by Contemporary Law and Policy Review MNLU Nagpur: Submit by 31 May 2026!

Call for PapersDeadline passed

Call for Papers by Contemporary Law and Policy Review MNLU Nagpur: Submit by 31 May 2026!

ByVikash SankhalaApr 22, 2026

Stay updated with Legal News Supreme Court High Courts Judgments Law Updates Legal Affairs Case Laws Latest News

Supreme20Court20of20India related to ‘Can Indians Be Forced to Sing All 6 Stanzas of Vande Mataram?’ Former IAS Officer Moves Supreme Court

‘Can Indians Be Forced to Sing All 6 Stanzas of Vande Mataram?’ Former IAS Officer Moves Supreme Court

file 00000000eef882119872c6e209583692

₹5,000 After 15 Years? Himachal HC Says Wife’s Maintenance Cannot Be “Illusory”

file 000000009a34821195e25e94f2b6fdca 10

SC Says Domestic Cruelty Law Can Protect Women in Marriage-Like Live-Ins

file 00000000a5f08207b8811d27fd17dce1

Karnataka High Court Stays Case Against Man Accused of ‘Ghosting’, ‘Seen-Zoning’ Partner Under BNS Section 69

file 00000000a5c88208b8e75c946341b836 1

Allahabad HC Quashes Advocate’s History Sheet, Calls for Overhaul of ‘19th Century’ UP Police Rules

file 0000000006148211ae7a319fb1abd4ef

Delhi High Court Summons Abhijit Iyer-Mitra, The Pamphlet, Law Beat and Others in Privacy Suit by Saurav Das

file 00000000585c8211845a97032c64c8eb

Supreme Court’s ‘Industry’ Verdict Produces Split; Bangalore Water Supply Test Continues for Pending Cases

file 0000000032c482118ca018e53758f599

CJAR Seeks BCI Chief’s Exit, Raises Questions Over Tenure and Bar Council Finances

Explore our latest Posts Legal Notes Internships Job Updates Moot Courts Opportunities Case Laws Law Updates

Adv. Shreyas Jain Bhayander Mumbai related to Legal Internship at Chambers of Adv. Shreyas Jain, Bhayander, Mumbai: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Chambers of Adv. Shreyas Jain, Bhayander, Mumbai: Apply Now!

Deeds Co related to Auto Draft

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Associate at Deeds & Co., Bengaluru: Apply Now!

Advocate B Abishek related to Legal Internship and Associate Positions with Advocate B Abishek, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Internship and Associate Positions with Advocate B Abishek, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Blinkit related to Legal Internship at Blinkit, Mumbai: Apply Now

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Blinkit, Mumbai: Apply Now!

LexStart Partners Bengaluru related to Remote Legal Job | Associate / Senior Associate – VC Transactions at LexStart Partners, Bengaluru: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Remote Legal Job | Associate / Senior Associate – VC Transactions at LexStart Partners, Bengaluru: Apply Now!

Panda Law Bengaluru related to Associate – General Corporate at Panda Law, Bengaluru: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Associate – General Corporate at Panda Law, Bengaluru: Apply Now!

SNA related to Legal Job | Paralegal Positions in Patents Department at SNA, Gurugram: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Paralegal Positions in Patents Department at SNA, Gurugram: Apply Now!

University of Aizu

Call for Papers

Call for Papers: ETLTC2027 Global Conference Series at University of Aizu, Japan: Submit by December 22, 2026

Globtier related to Legal Job | DPDP Implementation Lead / Privacy Consultant at Globtier Infotech Limited: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | DPDP Implementation Lead / Privacy Consultant at Globtier Infotech Limited: Apply Now!

Call for Blogs: Office of Chair Professor Panchayati Raj, CNLU, Patna

Call for Papers

Call for Blogs: Office of Chair Professor Panchayati Raj, CNLU, Patna, Submissions on Rolling Basis!

Leiden University

Call for Papers

Call for Abstracts – Leiden University, Conference on Gender & Criminal Law 2027: Submit by October 31!

GLS Law Journal

Call for Papers

Call for Papers at GLS Law Journal, GLS University: Submit by October 31, 2026

Explore notes on Constitutional Law Criminal Law Administrative Law Contract Law Family Law Jurisprudence Property Law International Law

Constitutional Law

Contract Law

Criminal Law

Company Law

Tort Law

CPC

LAW ENTRANCES & CAREER

CLAT Preparation

Study Material, PYQs, Strategy & More

Judiciary Exams

Preparation for PCS-J, HJS & More

AIBE Exam

Syllabus, Preparation Tips & PYQs

LLM Guides

Colleges, Exams & Application Process

Career Guides

Internship Tips, CV, Interviews & More

LEX TOOLS

Attendance Manager

Track, Manage & Improve Attendance

Lex Formmater

Generate Accurate Legal formation

GPA Calculator

Calculate SGPA & CGPA Instantly

PDF Tools

Merge, Compress, Convert & More

Resume Builder

Create Your Legal Resume Online

AI Legal Assistant New

Ask Legal Questions, Get Instant Answers

👥

50K+

Community

📚

2.5K+

Resources

🚀

10K+

Opportunities

⚖️

25+

Tools

🏆

One

Platform

BNSS Notes

View More Posts

Section 374 – Person acquitted on ground of unsoundness of mind to be detained in safe custody

Section 374 of BNSS, 2023 — Person Acquitted on Ground of Unsoundness of Mind to Be Detained in Safe Custody

# Section 332 – Evidence of Formal Character on Affidavit ## Introduction Section 332 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 deals with evidence of a formal character being given by affidavit. The provision allows a person whose evidence is of a formal character to give such evidence by affidavit. The affidavit may then be read as evidence in an inquiry, trial or other proceeding under the BNSS, subject to all just exceptions. The provision also protects the rights of the prosecution and the accused by allowing the Court to summon and examine the person who has given the affidavit. ## Meaning of Evidence of Formal Character Evidence of a formal character refers to evidence relating to matters that are formal, routine or official in nature and which generally do not require extensive oral examination. Section 332 provides a simplified method of presenting such evidence through an affidavit instead of requiring the person to appear personally before the Court in every case. The main purpose is to reduce unnecessary delay and formalities in criminal proceedings. ## Statutory Basis **Section 332, BNSS, 2023 – Evidence of formal character on affidavit** The section provides that: * A person whose evidence is of a formal character may give that evidence by affidavit. * The affidavit may be read as evidence in an inquiry, trial or other proceeding. * The Court may summon and examine the person concerning the facts stated in the affidavit. * The Court shall summon and examine the person when the prosecution or the accused applies for such examination. ## Essential Elements ### 1. Evidence Must Be of a Formal Character The provision applies where the evidence of the concerned person is of a formal character. It is not intended to replace ordinary oral evidence in every criminal case. ### 2. Evidence May Be Given by Affidavit The person may provide the formal evidence in the form of an affidavit. This avoids the necessity of personal appearance merely for proving formal matters. ### 3. Affidavit May Be Read in Evidence The affidavit may be read as evidence in: * an inquiry; * a trial; or * any other proceeding under the BNSS. However, the affidavit is subject to all just exceptions. ### 4. Court May Summon the Deponent The Court may, if it thinks fit, summon and examine the person who made the affidavit concerning the facts stated in it. ### 5. Court Shall Summon on Application If the prosecution or the accused applies for the examination of the person who made the affidavit, the Court shall summon and examine that person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ## Procedure The procedure under Section 332 can be understood as follows: 1. A person has evidence of a formal character relevant to a criminal proceeding. 2. The person gives the evidence by affidavit. 3. The affidavit is placed before the Court. 4. The affidavit may be read as evidence, subject to all just exceptions. 5. The Court may itself decide that the deponent should be summoned and examined. 6. If the prosecution or accused applies for examination, the Court shall summon the deponent. 7. The Court examines the person concerning the facts stated in the affidavit. 8. The Court considers the affidavit and any examination of the deponent along with the other evidence. ## Purpose of Section 332 The main objectives of Section 332 are: * to reduce unnecessary personal attendance of witnesses; * to simplify proof of formal matters; * to save judicial time; * to reduce procedural delays; * to facilitate speedy disposal of criminal proceedings; and * to preserve the right of the prosecution and accused to seek examination of the deponent. ## Powers of the Court Section 332 gives the Court both discretionary and mandatory powers. ### Discretionary Power The Court may summon and examine the person who has given the affidavit if it thinks fit. This allows the Court to obtain clarification or further information whenever necessary. ### Mandatory Power When the prosecution or accused applies for examination of the deponent, the Court shall summon and examine that person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. Therefore, both sides have the right to seek examination of the person whose affidavit is being relied upon. ## Rights of the Accused The accused has an important safeguard under Section 332. If the accused wishes to examine the person who has given the affidavit, the accused may apply to the Court. Upon such application, the Court is required to summon and examine the person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ## Rights of the Prosecution The prosecution has the same right. If the prosecution considers examination of the deponent necessary, it may apply to the Court. The Court shall then summon and examine the person concerning the facts stated in the affidavit. ## Meaning of "Subject to All Just Exceptions" The affidavit may be read in evidence subject to all just exceptions. This means that Section 332 does not override the general rules governing admissibility of evidence. The filing of an affidavit does not automatically make every statement contained in it admissible or conclusive. The Court must still consider the applicable rules of evidence. ## Important Distinctions ### Formal Evidence and Substantive Evidence Formal evidence generally concerns routine or official matters. Substantive evidence may concern disputed facts requiring detailed examination. Section 332 specifically deals with evidence of a **formal character**. ### Affidavit and Oral Evidence Section 332 allows formal evidence to be presented through an affidavit. However, the person may still be summoned and examined by the Court. This is especially important when the prosecution or accused requests examination. ### Section 331 and Section 332 These two provisions should not be confused. **Section 331:** Deals specifically with affidavit in proof of the conduct of public servants where allegations concerning a public servant are made in an application. **Section 332:** Deals generally with evidence of a formal character being given by affidavit. Therefore, Section 332 is broader and is not limited to public servants. ## Relationship with Section 333 Section 333 BNSS deals with the authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn or affirmed. The provisions can be remembered together: * **Section 331:** Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants. * **Section 332:** Evidence of formal character on affidavit. * **Section 333:** Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn. ## BNSS and CrPC Section 332 of the BNSS corresponds to **Section 296 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973**. The basic principle has been substantially retained. Both provisions provide for: * evidence of a formal character by affidavit; * reading of the affidavit as evidence; * the Court's power to summon and examine the deponent; and * mandatory examination when the prosecution or accused applies. ## Relationship with BSA The BNSS deals with criminal procedure, while the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 deals with the law of evidence. Section 332 provides the procedural mechanism for presenting formal evidence through an affidavit. It does not mean that every fact stated in the affidavit automatically becomes admissible or conclusive. The relevance, admissibility and evidentiary value of the material continue to be determined according to the applicable law of evidence. ## Example Suppose an officer has to provide formal evidence concerning an official record in a criminal proceeding. Instead of requiring the officer to personally appear before the Court merely to establish the formal facts, the officer may provide the evidence through an affidavit under Section 332. The affidavit may be read as evidence. If the accused considers examination of the officer necessary, the accused may apply to the Court. The Court shall then summon and examine the officer concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ## Common Confusions ### Does every witness have the right to give evidence by affidavit? **No.** Section 332 applies specifically to a person whose evidence is **of a formal character**. ### Can the Court refuse to examine the deponent when the accused applies? **No.** When the accused or prosecution applies for examination, the Court shall summon and examine the person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ### Does filing an affidavit mean that the deponent can never be examined? **No.** The Court may summon and examine the deponent, and examination becomes mandatory when the prosecution or accused applies. ### Is Section 332 limited to public servants? **No.** Section 332 applies to a person whose evidence is of a formal character. Section 331 specifically concerns allegations relating to public servants. ## Topic at a Glance * **Topic:** Evidence of Formal Character on Affidavit * **BNSS Section:** Section 332 * **Nature:** Procedural provision concerning affidavit evidence * **Relevant person:** Person whose evidence is of a formal character * **Mode of evidence:** Affidavit * **Use:** Affidavit may be read as evidence * **Limitation:** Subject to all just exceptions * **Court's power:** May summon and examine the deponent * **Application by prosecution or accused:** Court shall summon and examine the deponent * **CrPC Equivalent:** Section 296, CrPC, 1973 ## Quick Revision * Section 332 BNSS deals with **evidence of formal character on affidavit**. * Evidence of a formal character may be given by affidavit. * The affidavit may be read as evidence in an inquiry, trial or other proceeding. * The affidavit is subject to **all just exceptions**. * The Court may summon and examine the person who gave the affidavit. * The Court **shall** summon and examine the person when the **prosecution or accused applies**. * Section 332 is not restricted to public servants. * Section 331 deals specifically with affidavits concerning the conduct of public servants. * Section 333 deals with authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn or affirmed. * Section 332 corresponds to **Section 296 of the CrPC, 1973**. ## Conclusion Section 332 BNSS provides a convenient procedure for presenting formal evidence through affidavits. It reduces the need for personal attendance in matters that are formal in nature while preserving the right of the prosecution and accused to seek examination of the deponent. The provision therefore balances **procedural efficiency, reduction of unnecessary delay, and the right to examine relevant evidence**. bnss-section-332-affidavit-evidence Section 332 BNSS permits evidence of a formal character to be given by affidavit and allows the Court to summon and examine the deponent when necessary or when requested by the prosecution or accused. Section 332 BNSS, evidence of formal character on affidavit, Section 332 BNSS notes, affidavit evidence BNSS 2023, formal evidence by affidavit, Section 332 explained, Section 296 CrPC, BNSS and CrPC comparison

Section 332 – Evidence of Formal Character on Affidavit

Section 484 – Amount of bond and reduction thereof

Section 484 of BNSS, 2023 — Amount of Bond and Reduction Thereof

Section 352 – Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments

Section 352 – Oral Arguments and Memorandum of Arguments

Section 72 – Form of warrant of arrest and duration

Section 72 – Form of Warrant of Arrest and Duration – Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023

Section 502 – Power to restore possession of immovable property

Section 502 of BNSS, 2023 — Power to Restore Possession of Immovable Property

Section 128 %E2%80%93 Security for good behaviour from suspected persons

Section 128 – Security for Good Behaviour from Suspected Persons – Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023

Section 127 – Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating certain matters

Section 127 – Security for Good Behaviour from Persons Disseminating Certain Matters – Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023

Tax Laws Notes

View More Posts

Taxation of Startups and Emerging Businesses

Taxation of Startups and Emerging Businesses

Set Off and Carry Forward of Losses

Set Off and Carry Forward of Losses

Income from Salary

Income from Salary

Taxation of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs)

Taxation of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs)

Public Finance and Taxation

Public Finance and Taxation

Income from House Property

Income from House Property

Tax Technology and E-Governance

Tax Technology and E-Governance

Tax Planning

Tax Planning, Avoidance and Evasion

Constitutional Law Notes

View More Posts

Article 48A – Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife

Article 48A – Protection and Improvement of Environment and Safeguarding of Forests and Wildlife

Article 6 – Rights of citizenship of certain persons who migrated to India from Pakistan

Article 6 – Rights of Citizenship of Certain Persons Who Migrated to India from Pakistan

Article 45 – Provision for early childhood care and education to children below six years

Article 45 – Provision for Early Childhood Care and Education to Children Below Six Years

Article 27 – Freedom as to Payment of Taxes for Promotion of Any Particular Religion

Article 27 – Freedom as to Payment of Taxes for Promotion of Any Particular Religion

Article 20 – Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences

Article 20 – Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences

Right to Property & 44th Constitutional Amendment

Right to Property & 44th Constitutional Amendment

Article 22 – Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases

Article 22 – Protection Against Arrest and Detention in Certain Cases

Article 99 – Oath or affirmation by members

Article 99 – Oath or affirmation by members

Legal Blogs

View More Posts

The Right to Be Forgotten in India

The Right to Be Forgotten in India: Bridging the Gap Between Privacy and the Digital Age

12 Min Read

Building a Personal Brand as a Law Student Before Graduation

8 Min Read

When AI Enters the Courtroom Rethinking Judicial Integrity in India’s Age of Artificial Intelligence

When AI Enters the Courtroom: Rethinking Judicial Integrity in India’s Age of Artificial Intelligence

13 Min Read

Legal Research Using SCC Online and Manupatra: Practical Tips

Legal Research Using SCC Online and Manupatra: Practical Tips

8 Min Read

bns,bsa,bnss

BNS, BNSS, BSA: How India Replaced the IPC, CrPC and Evidence Act

12 Min Read

file 00000000cd7471f886a7e130d825edd6

Your WhatsApp Chats Can Be Evidence in Court: Here’s How to Preserve Them Properly

7 Min Read

How to Draft an Effective Legal Notice: A Practical Guide

How to Draft an Effective Legal Notice: A Practical Guide

9 Min Read

file 00000000dd1471fa8e35ff663e016d7c

Contract Drafting in Practice: A Step-by-Step Guide

10 Min Read

Call for Papers

View More Posts

University of Delhi emblem

Call for Papers: International Conference on Gender Discourses by University of Delhi: Submit by October 25!

5 Min Read

NYAYATECH Conclave

Call for Papers: NYAYATECH Conclave 2026 at DNLU Jabalpur: Submit by September 30!

8 Min Read

DNLU Jabalpur

Call for Papers | International Symposium on “Carbon Governance and Global Justice” at DNLU Jabalpur [April 24–25]: Submit Abstracts by March 30!

7 Min Read

KMCT Law College

Call for Papers: National Seminar on Reimagining Law in the Algorithmic Age at KMCT Law College, Kuttippuram

4 Min Read

GITAM School of Law

Call for Papers: International Conference on Technology, Innovation and Rule of Law by GITAM School of Law, Visakhapatnam: Submit by September 25

9 Min Read

NLU Delhi

Call for Papers: Journal on Labour by CLLRA, NLU Delhi: Submit by September 30

4 Min Read

IIST

Call for Papers: National Conference on Legal Dimensions of Space Governance, Sustainability and International Cooperation by IIST and MGCL, Thiruvananthapuram: Submit by October 15!

4 Min Read

Call for Blogs: The Constitutional Law & Public Policy Blog (TCLPP), RMLNLU, Lucknow, Rolling Submission!

Call for Blogs: The Constitutional Law & Public Policy Blog (TCLPP), RMLNLU, Lucknow, Rolling Submission!

3 Min Read

Guide

View More Posts

file 0000000014b8820baa4a812e07c50cb5

Should First-Year Law Students Do Internships?

Yes, first-year law students can do internships, but they do not need…

How to Prepare an Affidavit for Court

How to Prepare an Affidavit for Court

an Affidavit is more than just a piece of paper; it is…

How to Remove Registry Objections in Court Filings in India

How to Remove Registry Objections in Court Filings in India

Practical guide to curing filing defects and ensuring case registration. Introduction Registry…

Undergraduate & Postgraduate Scholarship Opportunity by Reliance Foundation; Apply by 04th October 2025!

Introduction - Scholarship Reliance Foundation is offering one of India’s largest scholarship…

Lexibal's WhatsApp

Latest Notes

View More Posts

Section 20 – When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant

Section 20 BSA: When Oral Admissions as to Contents of Documents Are Relevant

Section 19 – Proof of admissions against persons making them and by or on their behalf

Section 19 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Proof of Admissions Against Persons Making Them, and by or on Their Behalf

Section 17 – Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit

Section 17 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Admissions by Persons Whose Position Must Be Proved as Against a Party to Suit

Section 19 – Proof of admissions against persons making them and by or on their behalf

Section 19 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Proof of Admissions Against Persons Making Them, and by or on Their Behalf

Section 18 – Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit

Section 18 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Admissions by Persons Expressly Referred to by Party to Suit

Section 23 – Confession to police officer

Section 23 BSA: Confession to Police Officer

Section 22 – Confession caused by inducement threat coercion or promise when irrelevant in criminal proceeding

Section 22 BSA: Confession Caused by Inducement, Threat, Coercion or Promise

Section 22 – Confession caused by inducement threat coercion or promise when irrelevant in criminal proceeding

Section 22 BSA: Confession Caused by Inducement, Threat, Coercion or Promise