Everything a Law Student Needs.

Internships, opportunities, news, notes, CLAT & tools — all in one place.

Trusted by 1 Lakh+ law students across India

Find your next Internship Moot Fellowship Job Competition Call for Papers Scholarship Opportunity

Resonance Guide

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Remote Legal Content Writer at Resonance Guide ($2,000/Month): Apply by October 30!

By

October 24, 2026

Keshav Thakur

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Keshav Thakur, Delhi: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

Judicial Internship Opportunity at the Chambers of Hon'ble Mr. Justice Augustine George Masih

Legal Internships

Offline Judicial Internship at the Chambers of Hon’ble Mr. Justice Augustine George Masih, Supreme Court of India: Application on Rolling Basis!

By

October 23, 2026

Judicial Internship Opportunity at Office of Justice K.V. Viswanathan, Supreme Court of India

Legal Internships

Offline Judicial Internship at the Office of Justice K.V. Viswanathan, Supreme Court of India: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

CCI

Legal Internships

Paid Legal Internship Opportunity at Competition Commission of India (CCI), New Delhi: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

Vehicle requisition for election duty related to Can Your Vehicle Be Used in an Election Without Your Consent in India?

Can Your Vehicle Be Used in an Election Without Your Consent in India?

By

October 23, 2026

Varahe Analytics related to Political Intelligence Internship at Varahe Analytics, Chennai: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Political Intelligence Internship at Varahe Analytics, Chennai: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

Law Chambers of Himanshu Yadav New Delhi related to Legal Internship at Law Chambers of Himanshu Yadav, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Law Chambers of Himanshu Yadav, New Delhi: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

Legum Attorney – Chambers of Ashish Panday related to Tax Law & White Collar Law Internship at Legum Attorney – Chambers of Ashish Panday, Delhi: Apply by

Legal Internships

Tax Law & White Collar Law Internship at Legum Attorney – Chambers of Ashish Panday, Delhi: Apply by October 30!

By

October 23, 2026

Harvard Journal of Law and Technology related to Call for Abstracts: “Disciplining AI” Symposium at Harvard Law School — Apply by 26 October 2026!

Call for Papers

Call for Abstracts: “Disciplining AI” Symposium at Harvard Law School — Apply by 26 October 2026!

By

October 23, 2026

Dutient related to Remote Legal & Product Privacy Internship at Dutient: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Remote Legal & Product Privacy Internship at Dutient: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

AJ Associates Kolkata related to Bank Due Diligence and Title Search Jobs at A&J Associates, Kolkata: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Bank Due Diligence and Title Search Jobs at A&J Associates, Kolkata: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

PI42 related to Legal Job | Manager – Legal (Contracts) Jobs at PI42, Bengaluru: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Manager – Legal (Contracts) Jobs at PI42, Bengaluru: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

Lex Credence related to Litigation Associate Jobs at Lex Credence, Shirur: Apply by October 31, 2026!

Legal Internships

Litigation Associate Jobs at Lex Credence, Shirur: Apply by October 31, 2026!

By

October 23, 2026

Vivarna Legal related to Associate Advocate at Vivarna Legal, Chennai: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Associate Advocate at Vivarna Legal, Chennai: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

Abhilash Sontake Associates Delhi related to Auto Draft

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Associate at Abhilash Sontake & Associates, Delhi: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

SAFFRON Magicworks related to Legal Job | Legal Associate (Media & Entertainment) at SAFFRON Magicworks, Mumbai: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Legal Associate (Media & Entertainment) at SAFFRON Magicworks, Mumbai: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

Savvy related to Junior Legal Associate Jobs at Savvy: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Junior Legal Associate Jobs at Savvy: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

Alba Law Offices related to Legal Job | Associate – IP Prosecution & Opposition at Alba Law Offices, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Associate – IP Prosecution & Opposition at Alba Law Offices, New Delhi: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

How Can a Political Party Become a National Party in India related to How Can a Political Party Become a National Party in India?

How Can a Political Party Become a National Party in India?

By

October 23, 2026

Strider Search related to Legal Job | Competition Lawyer Job at Strider Search, Mumbai (4–7 Years PQE): Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Jobs | Litigation Lawyer Jobs at Strider Search [Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai & Bengaluru]: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

Kroll related to Legal Job | Trainee – Investigations, Diligence and Compliance at Kroll, Mumbai: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Trainee – Investigations, Diligence and Compliance at Kroll, Mumbai: Apply Now!

By

October 23, 2026

Ministry of Commerce

Legal Internships

Paid Govt Legal Internship at DPIIT, Ministry of Commerce and Industry [Stipend – 10k]: Apply 30th Oct!

By

October 22, 2026

NLU Delhi

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Research Associate & Field Researchers at NLU Delhi [UPR Project]: Apply by October 22!

By

October 22, 2026

More filters

Sort Closing in 7 days

Consultant (Legal) at Ministry of External Affairs (DE Division), Government of India: Apply by August 5!

Legal Jobs & VacanciesDeadline passed

Consultant (Legal) at Ministry of External Affairs (DE Division), Government of India: Apply by August 5!

ByTeam LexibalJul 20, 2026

Online International Conference on Text, Context & Interpretation by HNLU Raipur: Submit Abstract by July 31!

Call for PapersDeadline passed

Online International Conference on Text, Context & Interpretation by HNLU Raipur: Submit Abstract by July 31!

ByTeam LexibalJul 20, 2026

Associate at JSA Advocates & Solicitors, Mumbai & Gurgaon: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Associate at JSA Advocates & Solicitors, Mumbai & Gurgaon: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalJul 20, 2026

Online Corporate Law Internship Programme 2026 at Get Legal Help With Me: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Online Corporate Law Internship Programme 2026 at Get Legal Help With Me: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalJul 20, 2026

Regulatory Authority Legal Recruitment Exams After LLB: Eligibility, Selection Process and Career Path Guide

Other After College Exams

Regulatory Authority Legal Recruitment Exams After LLB: Eligibility, Selection Process and Career Path Guide

ByTeam LexibalJul 19, 2026

Remote Commercial Law & IP Law Internship at Aishani Partners: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship Online Legal Internships

Remote Commercial Law & IP Law Internship at Aishani Partners: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalJul 19, 2026

Offline Legal Internship at AKS Partners, New Delhi: Apply by July 21!

Legal Internships Law Firm InternshipDeadline passed

Offline Legal Internship at AKS Partners, New Delhi: Apply by July 21!

ByTeam LexibalJul 19, 2026

Remote Internship at A&K Legal [Business Development & Digital Marketing]: Apply by July 25!

Legal InternshipsDeadline passed

Remote Internship at A&K Legal [Business Development & Digital Marketing]: Apply by July 25!

ByTeam LexibalJul 19, 2026

Online Internship at Hikmat Helping Hands Foundation (HHHF): Apply by July 30!

Legal InternshipsDeadline passed

Online Internship at Hikmat Helping Hands Foundation (HHHF): Apply by July 30!

ByTeam LexibalJul 19, 2026

Offline Legal Internship at Diaz Legal, Noida: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Offline Legal Internship at Diaz Legal, Noida: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalJul 19, 2026

Legal Job | Associate at Abhijeet Gupta & Associates, Gurugram: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Associate at Abhijeet Gupta & Associates, Gurugram: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalJul 19, 2026

Offline Legal Internship at Assentio Mentium Law Offices, Ghaziabad: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Offline Legal Internship at Assentio Mentium Law Offices, Ghaziabad: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalJul 18, 2026

Call for Blogs at Chanakya Centre for Alternative Dispute Resolution (CCADR), Chanakya National Law University, Patna: Submit Now!

Other opportunitiesRolling applications

Call for Blogs at Chanakya Centre for Alternative Dispute Resolution (CCADR), Chanakya National Law University, Patna: Submit Now!

ByTeam LexibalJul 17, 2026

Paid Young Legal Fellowship at NUSRL Ranchi (Nepal Exchange Programme, 2 Positions): Apply by 20 July!

Scholarships & FellowshipsDeadline passed

Paid Young Legal Fellowship at NUSRL Ranchi (Nepal Exchange Programme, 2 Positions): Apply by 20 July!

ByTeam LexibalJul 17, 2026

2nd CCI–MNLU-CS National Antitrust Moot Court Competition 2026 by Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar: Register by 10 August!

Moot Court CompetitionsDeadline passed

2nd CCI–MNLU-CS National Antitrust Moot Court Competition 2026 by Maharashtra National Law University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar: Register by 10 August!

ByTeam LexibalJul 17, 2026

Youth IGF India Fellowship 2026: Apply by 18 July!

Scholarships & FellowshipsDeadline passed

Youth IGF India Fellowship 2026: Apply by 18 July!

ByTeam LexibalJul 17, 2026

Paid Legal Internship Opportunity at NC Legal, Advocates & Solicitors, Apply by 20 July!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship Paid Legal InternshipDeadline passed

Paid Legal Internship Opportunity at NC Legal, Advocates & Solicitors, Apply by 20 July!

ByTeam LexibalJul 17, 2026

NCLT Recruitment 2026 for Multiple Posts Across India: Apply by July 20!

Legal Jobs & VacanciesDeadline passed

NCLT Recruitment 2026 for Multiple Posts Across India: Apply by July 20!

ByTeam LexibalJul 17, 2026

Stay updated with Legal News Supreme Court High Courts Judgments Law Updates Legal Affairs Case Laws Latest News

Supreme20Court20of20India related to ‘Can Indians Be Forced to Sing All 6 Stanzas of Vande Mataram?’ Former IAS Officer Moves Supreme Court

‘Can Indians Be Forced to Sing All 6 Stanzas of Vande Mataram?’ Former IAS Officer Moves Supreme Court

file 00000000eef882119872c6e209583692

₹5,000 After 15 Years? Himachal HC Says Wife’s Maintenance Cannot Be “Illusory”

file 000000009a34821195e25e94f2b6fdca 10

SC Says Domestic Cruelty Law Can Protect Women in Marriage-Like Live-Ins

file 00000000a5f08207b8811d27fd17dce1

Karnataka High Court Stays Case Against Man Accused of ‘Ghosting’, ‘Seen-Zoning’ Partner Under BNS Section 69

file 00000000a5c88208b8e75c946341b836 1

Allahabad HC Quashes Advocate’s History Sheet, Calls for Overhaul of ‘19th Century’ UP Police Rules

file 0000000006148211ae7a319fb1abd4ef

Delhi High Court Summons Abhijit Iyer-Mitra, The Pamphlet, Law Beat and Others in Privacy Suit by Saurav Das

file 00000000585c8211845a97032c64c8eb

Supreme Court’s ‘Industry’ Verdict Produces Split; Bangalore Water Supply Test Continues for Pending Cases

file 0000000032c482118ca018e53758f599

CJAR Seeks BCI Chief’s Exit, Raises Questions Over Tenure and Bar Council Finances

Explore our latest Posts Legal Notes Internships Job Updates Moot Courts Opportunities Case Laws Law Updates

Africa Legal Internships

Legal Internship in Nairobi, Kenya at KSM Advocates LLP: Apply by October 31!

Resonance Guide

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Remote Legal Content Writer at Resonance Guide ($2,000/Month): Apply by October 30!

Supreme20Court20of20India related to ‘Can Indians Be Forced to Sing All 6 Stanzas of Vande Mataram?’ Former IAS Officer Moves Supreme Court

‘Can Indians Be Forced to Sing All 6 Stanzas of Vande Mataram?’ Former IAS Officer Moves Supreme Court

Keshav Thakur

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Keshav Thakur, Delhi: Apply Now!

Judicial Internship Opportunity at the Chambers of Hon'ble Mr. Justice Augustine George Masih

Legal Internships

Offline Judicial Internship at the Chambers of Hon’ble Mr. Justice Augustine George Masih, Supreme Court of India: Application on Rolling Basis!

Judicial Internship Opportunity at Office of Justice K.V. Viswanathan, Supreme Court of India

Legal Internships

Offline Judicial Internship at the Office of Justice K.V. Viswanathan, Supreme Court of India: Apply Now!

CCI

Legal Internships

Paid Legal Internship Opportunity at Competition Commission of India (CCI), New Delhi: Apply Now!

Vehicle requisition for election duty related to Can Your Vehicle Be Used in an Election Without Your Consent in India?

Can Your Vehicle Be Used in an Election Without Your Consent in India?

Varahe Analytics related to Political Intelligence Internship at Varahe Analytics, Chennai: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Political Intelligence Internship at Varahe Analytics, Chennai: Apply Now!

Law Chambers of Himanshu Yadav New Delhi related to Legal Internship at Law Chambers of Himanshu Yadav, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Law Chambers of Himanshu Yadav, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legum Attorney – Chambers of Ashish Panday related to Tax Law & White Collar Law Internship at Legum Attorney – Chambers of Ashish Panday, Delhi: Apply by

Legal Internships

Tax Law & White Collar Law Internship at Legum Attorney – Chambers of Ashish Panday, Delhi: Apply by October 30!

Harvard Journal of Law and Technology related to Call for Abstracts: “Disciplining AI” Symposium at Harvard Law School — Apply by 26 October 2026!

Call for Papers

Call for Abstracts: “Disciplining AI” Symposium at Harvard Law School — Apply by 26 October 2026!

Explore notes on Constitutional Law Criminal Law Administrative Law Contract Law Family Law Jurisprudence Property Law International Law

Constitutional Law

Contract Law

Criminal Law

Company Law

Tort Law

CPC

LAW ENTRANCES & CAREER

CLAT Preparation

Study Material, PYQs, Strategy & More

Judiciary Exams

Preparation for PCS-J, HJS & More

AIBE Exam

Syllabus, Preparation Tips & PYQs

LLM Guides

Colleges, Exams & Application Process

Career Guides

Internship Tips, CV, Interviews & More

LEX TOOLS

Attendance Manager

Track, Manage & Improve Attendance

Lex Formmater

Generate Accurate Legal formation

GPA Calculator

Calculate SGPA & CGPA Instantly

PDF Tools

Merge, Compress, Convert & More

Resume Builder

Create Your Legal Resume Online

AI Legal Assistant New

Ask Legal Questions, Get Instant Answers

👥

50K+

Community

📚

2.5K+

Resources

🚀

10K+

Opportunities

⚖️

25+

Tools

🏆

One

Platform

BNSS Notes

View More Posts

Section 514 – Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of period of limitation

Section 514 of BNSS, 2023 — Bar to Taking Cognizance After Lapse of Period of Limitation

Section 466 – Sentence on escaped convict when to take effect

Section 466 – Sentence on Escaped Convict When to Take Effect

Section 495 – Appeal from orders under section 491

Section 495 of BNSS, 2023 — Appeal from Orders under Section 491

Section 229 – Special summons in cases of petty offence

Section 229 of BNSS, 2023 — Special Summons in Cases of Petty Offence

Section 232 – Commitment of case to Court of Session when offence is triable exclusively by it

Section 232 of BNSS, 2023 — Commitment of Case to Court of Session When Offence Is Triable Exclusively by It

Section 403 – Court not to alter judgment

Section 403 of BNSS, 2023 — Court Not to Alter Judgment

# Section 332 – Evidence of Formal Character on Affidavit ## Introduction Section 332 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 deals with evidence of a formal character being given by affidavit. The provision allows a person whose evidence is of a formal character to give such evidence by affidavit. The affidavit may then be read as evidence in an inquiry, trial or other proceeding under the BNSS, subject to all just exceptions. The provision also protects the rights of the prosecution and the accused by allowing the Court to summon and examine the person who has given the affidavit. ## Meaning of Evidence of Formal Character Evidence of a formal character refers to evidence relating to matters that are formal, routine or official in nature and which generally do not require extensive oral examination. Section 332 provides a simplified method of presenting such evidence through an affidavit instead of requiring the person to appear personally before the Court in every case. The main purpose is to reduce unnecessary delay and formalities in criminal proceedings. ## Statutory Basis **Section 332, BNSS, 2023 – Evidence of formal character on affidavit** The section provides that: * A person whose evidence is of a formal character may give that evidence by affidavit. * The affidavit may be read as evidence in an inquiry, trial or other proceeding. * The Court may summon and examine the person concerning the facts stated in the affidavit. * The Court shall summon and examine the person when the prosecution or the accused applies for such examination. ## Essential Elements ### 1. Evidence Must Be of a Formal Character The provision applies where the evidence of the concerned person is of a formal character. It is not intended to replace ordinary oral evidence in every criminal case. ### 2. Evidence May Be Given by Affidavit The person may provide the formal evidence in the form of an affidavit. This avoids the necessity of personal appearance merely for proving formal matters. ### 3. Affidavit May Be Read in Evidence The affidavit may be read as evidence in: * an inquiry; * a trial; or * any other proceeding under the BNSS. However, the affidavit is subject to all just exceptions. ### 4. Court May Summon the Deponent The Court may, if it thinks fit, summon and examine the person who made the affidavit concerning the facts stated in it. ### 5. Court Shall Summon on Application If the prosecution or the accused applies for the examination of the person who made the affidavit, the Court shall summon and examine that person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ## Procedure The procedure under Section 332 can be understood as follows: 1. A person has evidence of a formal character relevant to a criminal proceeding. 2. The person gives the evidence by affidavit. 3. The affidavit is placed before the Court. 4. The affidavit may be read as evidence, subject to all just exceptions. 5. The Court may itself decide that the deponent should be summoned and examined. 6. If the prosecution or accused applies for examination, the Court shall summon the deponent. 7. The Court examines the person concerning the facts stated in the affidavit. 8. The Court considers the affidavit and any examination of the deponent along with the other evidence. ## Purpose of Section 332 The main objectives of Section 332 are: * to reduce unnecessary personal attendance of witnesses; * to simplify proof of formal matters; * to save judicial time; * to reduce procedural delays; * to facilitate speedy disposal of criminal proceedings; and * to preserve the right of the prosecution and accused to seek examination of the deponent. ## Powers of the Court Section 332 gives the Court both discretionary and mandatory powers. ### Discretionary Power The Court may summon and examine the person who has given the affidavit if it thinks fit. This allows the Court to obtain clarification or further information whenever necessary. ### Mandatory Power When the prosecution or accused applies for examination of the deponent, the Court shall summon and examine that person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. Therefore, both sides have the right to seek examination of the person whose affidavit is being relied upon. ## Rights of the Accused The accused has an important safeguard under Section 332. If the accused wishes to examine the person who has given the affidavit, the accused may apply to the Court. Upon such application, the Court is required to summon and examine the person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ## Rights of the Prosecution The prosecution has the same right. If the prosecution considers examination of the deponent necessary, it may apply to the Court. The Court shall then summon and examine the person concerning the facts stated in the affidavit. ## Meaning of "Subject to All Just Exceptions" The affidavit may be read in evidence subject to all just exceptions. This means that Section 332 does not override the general rules governing admissibility of evidence. The filing of an affidavit does not automatically make every statement contained in it admissible or conclusive. The Court must still consider the applicable rules of evidence. ## Important Distinctions ### Formal Evidence and Substantive Evidence Formal evidence generally concerns routine or official matters. Substantive evidence may concern disputed facts requiring detailed examination. Section 332 specifically deals with evidence of a **formal character**. ### Affidavit and Oral Evidence Section 332 allows formal evidence to be presented through an affidavit. However, the person may still be summoned and examined by the Court. This is especially important when the prosecution or accused requests examination. ### Section 331 and Section 332 These two provisions should not be confused. **Section 331:** Deals specifically with affidavit in proof of the conduct of public servants where allegations concerning a public servant are made in an application. **Section 332:** Deals generally with evidence of a formal character being given by affidavit. Therefore, Section 332 is broader and is not limited to public servants. ## Relationship with Section 333 Section 333 BNSS deals with the authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn or affirmed. The provisions can be remembered together: * **Section 331:** Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants. * **Section 332:** Evidence of formal character on affidavit. * **Section 333:** Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn. ## BNSS and CrPC Section 332 of the BNSS corresponds to **Section 296 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973**. The basic principle has been substantially retained. Both provisions provide for: * evidence of a formal character by affidavit; * reading of the affidavit as evidence; * the Court's power to summon and examine the deponent; and * mandatory examination when the prosecution or accused applies. ## Relationship with BSA The BNSS deals with criminal procedure, while the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 deals with the law of evidence. Section 332 provides the procedural mechanism for presenting formal evidence through an affidavit. It does not mean that every fact stated in the affidavit automatically becomes admissible or conclusive. The relevance, admissibility and evidentiary value of the material continue to be determined according to the applicable law of evidence. ## Example Suppose an officer has to provide formal evidence concerning an official record in a criminal proceeding. Instead of requiring the officer to personally appear before the Court merely to establish the formal facts, the officer may provide the evidence through an affidavit under Section 332. The affidavit may be read as evidence. If the accused considers examination of the officer necessary, the accused may apply to the Court. The Court shall then summon and examine the officer concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ## Common Confusions ### Does every witness have the right to give evidence by affidavit? **No.** Section 332 applies specifically to a person whose evidence is **of a formal character**. ### Can the Court refuse to examine the deponent when the accused applies? **No.** When the accused or prosecution applies for examination, the Court shall summon and examine the person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ### Does filing an affidavit mean that the deponent can never be examined? **No.** The Court may summon and examine the deponent, and examination becomes mandatory when the prosecution or accused applies. ### Is Section 332 limited to public servants? **No.** Section 332 applies to a person whose evidence is of a formal character. Section 331 specifically concerns allegations relating to public servants. ## Topic at a Glance * **Topic:** Evidence of Formal Character on Affidavit * **BNSS Section:** Section 332 * **Nature:** Procedural provision concerning affidavit evidence * **Relevant person:** Person whose evidence is of a formal character * **Mode of evidence:** Affidavit * **Use:** Affidavit may be read as evidence * **Limitation:** Subject to all just exceptions * **Court's power:** May summon and examine the deponent * **Application by prosecution or accused:** Court shall summon and examine the deponent * **CrPC Equivalent:** Section 296, CrPC, 1973 ## Quick Revision * Section 332 BNSS deals with **evidence of formal character on affidavit**. * Evidence of a formal character may be given by affidavit. * The affidavit may be read as evidence in an inquiry, trial or other proceeding. * The affidavit is subject to **all just exceptions**. * The Court may summon and examine the person who gave the affidavit. * The Court **shall** summon and examine the person when the **prosecution or accused applies**. * Section 332 is not restricted to public servants. * Section 331 deals specifically with affidavits concerning the conduct of public servants. * Section 333 deals with authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn or affirmed. * Section 332 corresponds to **Section 296 of the CrPC, 1973**. ## Conclusion Section 332 BNSS provides a convenient procedure for presenting formal evidence through affidavits. It reduces the need for personal attendance in matters that are formal in nature while preserving the right of the prosecution and accused to seek examination of the deponent. The provision therefore balances **procedural efficiency, reduction of unnecessary delay, and the right to examine relevant evidence**. bnss-section-332-affidavit-evidence Section 332 BNSS permits evidence of a formal character to be given by affidavit and allows the Court to summon and examine the deponent when necessary or when requested by the prosecution or accused. Section 332 BNSS, evidence of formal character on affidavit, Section 332 BNSS notes, affidavit evidence BNSS 2023, formal evidence by affidavit, Section 332 explained, Section 296 CrPC, BNSS and CrPC comparison

Section 332 – Evidence of Formal Character on Affidavit

Section 461 – Warrant for levy of fine

Section 461 – Warrant for Levy of Fine

Tax Laws Notes

View More Posts

Provident Fund, Pension and Gratuity under Income Tax Law

Provident Fund, Pension and Gratuity under Income Tax Law

Taxation of Dividend Income

Taxation of Dividend Income

Appeals & Revisions – Tax Litigation

Appeals & Revisions – Tax Litigation

Reassessment and Income Escaping Assessment

Reassessment and Income Escaping Assessment

Depreciation under Income Tax Law

Depreciation under Income Tax Law

Self-Assessment Tax and Tax Payment Procedures

Self-Assessment Tax and Tax Payment Procedures

Comparative Taxation Law

Comparative Taxation Law

Taxes

Types of Taxes in India

Constitutional Law Notes

View More Posts

Article 40 – Organisation of village panchayats

Article 40 – Organisation of Village Panchayats

Article 18 – Abolition of Titles

Article 18 – Abolition of Titles

Article 57 – Eligibility for re-election

Article 57 – Eligibility for Re-election

Article 64 – Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of Council of States

Article 64 – Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of Council of States

Article 25 – Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice and Propagation of Religion

Article 25 – Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice and Propagation of Religion

Article 108 – Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases

Article 108 – Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases

Article 14 – Equality before law

Article 14 – Equality Before Law

Article 59 – Conditions of President's Office

Article 59 – Conditions of President’s Office

Legal Blogs

View More Posts

How Law Students Should Study Case Laws

How Law Students Should Actually Study Case Laws

7 Min Read

Vaibhav Sooryavanshi

Why Vaibhav Sooryavanshi’s IPL Earnings Follow a Different Tax Rule

9 Min Read

JUSTICE SURYA KANT

Justice Surya Kant: India’s 53rd Chief Justice

6 Min Read

file 00000000b7e08208947d94edc386f65f

How to Read a Bare Act Effectively: A Step-by-Step Guide for Law Students

8 Min Read

BRICS

BRICS Chief Justices’ Forum Opens in New Delhi: CJI Surya Kant Meets World Judicial Leaders

4 Min Read

Legal Research Using SCC Online and Manupatra: Practical Tips

Legal Research Using SCC Online and Manupatra: Practical Tips

8 Min Read

Your First Client Meeting

How to Prepare for Your First Client Meeting as a Law Student

6 Min Read

When AI Hallucinates the Law

When AI Hallucinates the Law: Rethinking Verification and Accountability in AI-Assisted Judicial Research in India

13 Min Read

Call for Papers

View More Posts

Panjab University Law Review

Call for Papers: Panjab University Law Review [Vol. 65, Part 1] by Panjab University, Chandigarh: Submit by October 31!

5 Min Read

WTO Chairs

Call for Papers at India-Peru Joint WTO Chairs Programme Conference, CNLU Patna: Submit by October 5

6 Min Read

HNLU Raipur

Online International Conference on Text, Context & Interpretation by HNLU Raipur: Submit Abstract by July 31!

4 Min Read

GITAM School of Law

Call for Papers: International Conference on Technology, Innovation and Rule of Law by GITAM School of Law, Visakhapatnam: Submit by September 25

9 Min Read

Call for Papers National Conference on SEPs at NUSRL Ranchi

Call for Papers: NUSRL Journal of Law & Policy, Volume XIII (2026): Submit by September 30!

2 Min Read

RGNUL

International Conference on Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code at RGNUL: Submit Abstract by August 10!

5 Min Read

Nalstreet

Call for Papers: FinNomal Q3 Edition by Nalstreet, NALSAR University of Law: Apply by October 10

3 Min Read

Hybrid National Seminar on India’s Waste Laws – Challenges & Sustainable Solutions | DBRANLU

Call for Papers | DBRANLU Journal on Labour and Employment Law [Vol. 1, Issue 1], Submit Abstract by April 17!

4 Min Read

Guide

View More Posts

Starting law school? Learn how to survive your first year with practical tips on academics, internships, networking, legal research, and career growth

How to Survive First Year of Law School: Complete Guide for Students

Introduction The first year of law school is often the most confusing…

How to Ask for an Internship Recommendation Letter in 2025

Introduction - Recommendation Letter A well-written recommendation letter can be a game-changer…

National Legal Services Authority

Legal Internship Opportunity at National Legal Services Authority (NALSA), New Delhi: Apply Now!

LEGAL INTERNSHIP

MARITAL RAPE EXCEPTION IN INDIA

Marital Rape Exception in India: Marriage, Consent and Constitutional Rights

Author Lokesh Aggarwal is a 4th-year BBA LL.B. student at Maharishi Markandeshwar…

Lexibal's WhatsApp

Latest Notes

View More Posts

Section 20 – When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant

Section 20 BSA: When Oral Admissions as to Contents of Documents Are Relevant

Section 19 – Proof of admissions against persons making them and by or on their behalf

Section 19 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Proof of Admissions Against Persons Making Them, and by or on Their Behalf

Section 17 – Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit

Section 17 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Admissions by Persons Whose Position Must Be Proved as Against a Party to Suit

Section 19 – Proof of admissions against persons making them and by or on their behalf

Section 19 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Proof of Admissions Against Persons Making Them, and by or on Their Behalf

Section 18 – Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit

Section 18 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Admissions by Persons Expressly Referred to by Party to Suit

Section 23 – Confession to police officer

Section 23 BSA: Confession to Police Officer

Section 22 – Confession caused by inducement threat coercion or promise when irrelevant in criminal proceeding

Section 22 BSA: Confession Caused by Inducement, Threat, Coercion or Promise

Section 22 – Confession caused by inducement threat coercion or promise when irrelevant in criminal proceeding

Section 22 BSA: Confession Caused by Inducement, Threat, Coercion or Promise