Everything a Law Student Needs.

Internships, opportunities, news, notes, CLAT & tools — all in one place.

Trusted by 1 Lakh+ law students across India

Find your next Internship Moot Fellowship Job Competition Call for Papers Scholarship Opportunity

Legal Internships

Paid Remote Legal Internship at UNICEF [Multiple Locations]: Apply Now!

By

October 25, 2026

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Professor of Practice at National Law University Delhi [₹1.5 Lakh/Month]: Apply by October 31!

By

October 25, 2026

Supreme Court of India

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Senior Personal Assistant at Supreme Court of India [65 Vacancies]: Apply by November 10!

By

October 25, 2026

Income Tax Department Delhi related to Government Jobs at Income Tax Department, Delhi: 119 Sports Quota Vacancies, Apply by 10 November 2026!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Government Jobs at Income Tax Department, Delhi: 119 Sports Quota Vacancies, Apply by 10 November 2026!

By

October 25, 2026

ASSER Institute related to International Law Internship at T.M.C. Asser Instituut, The Hague: Apply by 25 October 2026

Legal Internships

International Law Internship at T.M.C. Asser Instituut, The Hague: Apply by 25 October 2026!

By

October 25, 2026

RCLSA

Legal Internships

Legal Research Internship at RCLSA [November, 25 Seats]: Apply by 2 November!

By

October 25, 2026

UNCITRAL related to Essay Writing Competition by UNCITRAL: Global Essay Competition on International Trade Law: Submit by 31 December 2026!

Other opportunities

Global Essay Competition on International Trade Law by UNCITRAL: Submit by 31 December 2026!

By

October 25, 2026

Legal Internships

Remote Legal Internship at Chambers of Shachi Kothari [Winter]: Apply by October 25!

By

October 25, 2026

Tata Paid Legal Internship

Legal Internships

Paid Legal Internship Opportunity at Tata Trusts [Stipend 30,000, Offline]: Apply Now!

By

October 25, 2026

Writing Competitions

NLUJ-CGS Blog Writing Competition on Gender and Law by Centre for Gender Studies, NLU Jodhpur: Submit by November 10!

By

October 25, 2026

National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi (NUSRL) crest

Call for Papers

Call for Chapters: The Architecture of Deception by CCRP NUSRL Ranchi: Submit by October 30!

By

October 25, 2026

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at ITLOS, Hamburg [July–September 2027]: Apply by December 31!

By

October 25, 2026

Arden Kingsley

Legal Internships

Remote Legal Internship at Arden Kingsley Law Offices India: Apply by October 27!

By

October 25, 2026

Legal internships illustration

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Kanishk Arora and Associates, New Delhi: Apply by October 25!

By

October 24, 2026

Legal Internships illustration

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Chambers of Adv. Vikramjeet Siram and Adv. Yashratan Surana, Mumbai: Apply Now!

By

October 24, 2026

ADR Competitions

Pactum Concorde 2.0 Mediation Competition by Thakur Ramnarayan College of Law, Mumbai [Online]: Register by October 25!

By

October 24, 2026

Online OECD Internship Programme

Legal Internships

Paid Legal Internship at OECD, Paris [Online & Offline ]: Apply by December 31!

By

October 24, 2026

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at Manthan Law Firm, Delhi [November & December 2026]: Apply Now!

By

October 24, 2026

Call for Papers

Call for Abstracts: RC28, Indian Sociological Society [51st AISC, KIIT]: Submit by October 31!

By

October 24, 2026

Moot Court Competitions

National Moot Court Competition 2026–27 by Subharti, Meerut [Hybrid]: Register by October 25!

By

October 24, 2026

Moot Court Competitions

23rd K.K. Luthra Memorial Moot Court Competition by Campus Law Centre [No Fee]: Register by November 16!

By

October 24, 2026

Lex Terra NLUJAA call for papers

Call for Papers

Call for Papers: Lex Terra Issue 49 by CELAR, NLUJAA: Submit by November 14!

By

October 24, 2026

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Programme Manager, Litigation Fellowship at NLSIU, Bengaluru: Apply by November 3!

By

October 24, 2026

Resonance Guide

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Remote Legal Content Writer at Resonance Guide ($2,000/Month): Apply by October 30!

By

October 24, 2026

More filters

Sort Closing in 7 days

Call for Papers & Posters: 15th International Conference on Victim Assistance (ICVA 2026): Submit by Mid-September!

Call for Papers

Call for Papers & Posters: 15th International Conference on Victim Assistance (ICVA 2026): Submit by Mid-September!

ByTeam LexibalAug 7, 2026

Long-Term Legal Internship at WhiteStone Legal, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Long-Term Legal Internship at WhiteStone Legal, New Delhi: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalAug 7, 2026

Legal Internship at Vouchagram India Pvt. Ltd.: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Legal Internship at Vouchagram India Pvt. Ltd.: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalAug 7, 2026

Offline Legal Internship at A & Y Partners Law Firm: Apply by August 10!

Legal Internships Law Firm InternshipDeadline passed

Offline Legal Internship at A & Y Partners Law Firm: Apply by August 10!

ByTeam LexibalAug 7, 2026

Legal Internship (Corporate Law) at DeeCast, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Paid Legal Internship

Legal Internship (Corporate Law) at DeeCast, New Delhi: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalAug 7, 2026

Call for Articles & Blogs by Project 39A, National Law University Delhi: Submit by August 30!

Other opportunitiesDeadline passed

Call for Articles & Blogs by Project 39A, National Law University Delhi: Submit by August 30!

ByTeam LexibalAug 7, 2026

NLU Delhi offers Executive Diploma Programme (Law) 2026–2027: Apply by August 15!

Other opportunitiesDeadline passed

NLU Delhi offers Executive Diploma Programme (Law) 2026–2027: Apply by August 15!

ByTeam LexibalAug 7, 2026

Corporate Legal Internship in the Hospitality Sector with with Adv. Mahima Shenoy Basti, Bangalore: Apply by 10 August 2026!

Legal Internships Law Firm InternshipDeadline passed

Corporate Legal Internship in the Hospitality Sector with with Adv. Mahima Shenoy Basti, Bangalore: Apply by 10 August 2026!

ByTeam LexibalAug 7, 2026

Legal Internships Paid Legal Internship

Legal Research Internship (UK Asylum & Human Rights Law) at Spartan Chambers: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalAug 7, 2026

Assessment Internship / Junior Associate Opportunity at Legal Database Chambers: Apply Now

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Assessment Internship / Junior Associate Opportunity at Legal Database Chambers: Apply Now

ByTeam LexibalAug 6, 2026

Legal Associate (Contracts & Corporate Transactions) | Remote/Hybrid: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Associate (Contracts & Corporate Transactions) | Remote/Hybrid: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalAug 6, 2026

Legal Internship at Creatix.Legal: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Legal Internship at Creatix.Legal: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalAug 6, 2026

Offline Legal Internship at Prakant Law Offices LLP, New Delhi: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Offline Legal Internship at Prakant Law Offices LLP, New Delhi: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalAug 6, 2026

Assessment Internship (Intellectual Property Law) at Bansal & Co. – Trademark & Patent Attorneys: Apply Now!

Legal Internships

Assessment Internship (Intellectual Property Law) at Bansal & Co. – Trademark & Patent Attorneys: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalAug 6, 2026

Offline Legal Internship for 2 months at MSA Partners, Advocates and Solicitors, Noida: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Offline Legal Internship for 2 months at MSA Partners, Advocates and Solicitors, Noida: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalAug 6, 2026

Legal Internship with Adv. Prithvi at Bombay High Court, Mumbai: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Legal Internship with Adv. Prithvi at Bombay High Court, Mumbai: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalAug 6, 2026

Offline Legal Internship at Aggarwal Law Office: Apply Now!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship

Offline Legal Internship at Aggarwal Law Office: Apply Now!

ByTeam LexibalAug 6, 2026

Remote Legal Internship at The Law Crest LLP: Apply by August 6!

Legal Internships Law Firm Internship Online Legal InternshipsDeadline passed

Remote Legal Internship at The Law Crest LLP: Apply by August 6!

ByTeam LexibalAug 6, 2026

Stay updated with Legal News Supreme Court High Courts Judgments Law Updates Legal Affairs Case Laws Latest News

Supreme20Court20of20India related to ‘Can Indians Be Forced to Sing All 6 Stanzas of Vande Mataram?’ Former IAS Officer Moves Supreme Court

‘Can Indians Be Forced to Sing All 6 Stanzas of Vande Mataram?’ Former IAS Officer Moves Supreme Court

file 00000000eef882119872c6e209583692

₹5,000 After 15 Years? Himachal HC Says Wife’s Maintenance Cannot Be “Illusory”

file 000000009a34821195e25e94f2b6fdca 10

SC Says Domestic Cruelty Law Can Protect Women in Marriage-Like Live-Ins

file 00000000a5f08207b8811d27fd17dce1

Karnataka High Court Stays Case Against Man Accused of ‘Ghosting’, ‘Seen-Zoning’ Partner Under BNS Section 69

file 00000000a5c88208b8e75c946341b836 1

Allahabad HC Quashes Advocate’s History Sheet, Calls for Overhaul of ‘19th Century’ UP Police Rules

file 0000000006148211ae7a319fb1abd4ef

Delhi High Court Summons Abhijit Iyer-Mitra, The Pamphlet, Law Beat and Others in Privacy Suit by Saurav Das

file 00000000585c8211845a97032c64c8eb

Supreme Court’s ‘Industry’ Verdict Produces Split; Bangalore Water Supply Test Continues for Pending Cases

file 0000000032c482118ca018e53758f599

CJAR Seeks BCI Chief’s Exit, Raises Questions Over Tenure and Bar Council Finances

Explore our latest Posts Legal Notes Internships Job Updates Moot Courts Opportunities Case Laws Law Updates

Legal Internships

Paid Remote Legal Internship at UNICEF [Multiple Locations]: Apply Now!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Professor of Practice at National Law University Delhi [₹1.5 Lakh/Month]: Apply by October 31!

Supreme Court of India

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Legal Job | Senior Personal Assistant at Supreme Court of India [65 Vacancies]: Apply by November 10!

Income Tax Department Delhi related to Government Jobs at Income Tax Department, Delhi: 119 Sports Quota Vacancies, Apply by 10 November 2026!

Legal Jobs & Vacancies

Government Jobs at Income Tax Department, Delhi: 119 Sports Quota Vacancies, Apply by 10 November 2026!

ASSER Institute related to International Law Internship at T.M.C. Asser Instituut, The Hague: Apply by 25 October 2026

Legal Internships

International Law Internship at T.M.C. Asser Instituut, The Hague: Apply by 25 October 2026!

RCLSA

Legal Internships

Legal Research Internship at RCLSA [November, 25 Seats]: Apply by 2 November!

UNCITRAL related to Essay Writing Competition by UNCITRAL: Global Essay Competition on International Trade Law: Submit by 31 December 2026!

Other opportunities

Global Essay Competition on International Trade Law by UNCITRAL: Submit by 31 December 2026!

Legal Internships

Remote Legal Internship at Chambers of Shachi Kothari [Winter]: Apply by October 25!

Tata Paid Legal Internship

Legal Internships

Paid Legal Internship Opportunity at Tata Trusts [Stipend 30,000, Offline]: Apply Now!

Writing Competitions

NLUJ-CGS Blog Writing Competition on Gender and Law by Centre for Gender Studies, NLU Jodhpur: Submit by November 10!

National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi (NUSRL) crest

Call for Papers

Call for Chapters: The Architecture of Deception by CCRP NUSRL Ranchi: Submit by October 30!

Legal Internships

Legal Internship at ITLOS, Hamburg [July–September 2027]: Apply by December 31!

Explore notes on Constitutional Law Criminal Law Administrative Law Contract Law Family Law Jurisprudence Property Law International Law

Constitutional Law

Contract Law

Criminal Law

Company Law

Tort Law

CPC

LAW ENTRANCES & CAREER

CLAT Preparation

Study Material, PYQs, Strategy & More

Judiciary Exams

Preparation for PCS-J, HJS & More

AIBE Exam

Syllabus, Preparation Tips & PYQs

LLM Guides

Colleges, Exams & Application Process

Career Guides

Internship Tips, CV, Interviews & More

LEX TOOLS

Attendance Manager

Track, Manage & Improve Attendance

Lex Formmater

Generate Accurate Legal formation

GPA Calculator

Calculate SGPA & CGPA Instantly

PDF Tools

Merge, Compress, Convert & More

Resume Builder

Create Your Legal Resume Online

AI Legal Assistant New

Ask Legal Questions, Get Instant Answers

👥

50K+

Community

📚

2.5K+

Resources

🚀

10K+

Opportunities

⚖️

25+

Tools

🏆

One

Platform

BNSS Notes

View More Posts

# Section 332 – Evidence of Formal Character on Affidavit ## Introduction Section 332 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 deals with evidence of a formal character being given by affidavit. The provision allows a person whose evidence is of a formal character to give such evidence by affidavit. The affidavit may then be read as evidence in an inquiry, trial or other proceeding under the BNSS, subject to all just exceptions. The provision also protects the rights of the prosecution and the accused by allowing the Court to summon and examine the person who has given the affidavit. ## Meaning of Evidence of Formal Character Evidence of a formal character refers to evidence relating to matters that are formal, routine or official in nature and which generally do not require extensive oral examination. Section 332 provides a simplified method of presenting such evidence through an affidavit instead of requiring the person to appear personally before the Court in every case. The main purpose is to reduce unnecessary delay and formalities in criminal proceedings. ## Statutory Basis **Section 332, BNSS, 2023 – Evidence of formal character on affidavit** The section provides that: * A person whose evidence is of a formal character may give that evidence by affidavit. * The affidavit may be read as evidence in an inquiry, trial or other proceeding. * The Court may summon and examine the person concerning the facts stated in the affidavit. * The Court shall summon and examine the person when the prosecution or the accused applies for such examination. ## Essential Elements ### 1. Evidence Must Be of a Formal Character The provision applies where the evidence of the concerned person is of a formal character. It is not intended to replace ordinary oral evidence in every criminal case. ### 2. Evidence May Be Given by Affidavit The person may provide the formal evidence in the form of an affidavit. This avoids the necessity of personal appearance merely for proving formal matters. ### 3. Affidavit May Be Read in Evidence The affidavit may be read as evidence in: * an inquiry; * a trial; or * any other proceeding under the BNSS. However, the affidavit is subject to all just exceptions. ### 4. Court May Summon the Deponent The Court may, if it thinks fit, summon and examine the person who made the affidavit concerning the facts stated in it. ### 5. Court Shall Summon on Application If the prosecution or the accused applies for the examination of the person who made the affidavit, the Court shall summon and examine that person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ## Procedure The procedure under Section 332 can be understood as follows: 1. A person has evidence of a formal character relevant to a criminal proceeding. 2. The person gives the evidence by affidavit. 3. The affidavit is placed before the Court. 4. The affidavit may be read as evidence, subject to all just exceptions. 5. The Court may itself decide that the deponent should be summoned and examined. 6. If the prosecution or accused applies for examination, the Court shall summon the deponent. 7. The Court examines the person concerning the facts stated in the affidavit. 8. The Court considers the affidavit and any examination of the deponent along with the other evidence. ## Purpose of Section 332 The main objectives of Section 332 are: * to reduce unnecessary personal attendance of witnesses; * to simplify proof of formal matters; * to save judicial time; * to reduce procedural delays; * to facilitate speedy disposal of criminal proceedings; and * to preserve the right of the prosecution and accused to seek examination of the deponent. ## Powers of the Court Section 332 gives the Court both discretionary and mandatory powers. ### Discretionary Power The Court may summon and examine the person who has given the affidavit if it thinks fit. This allows the Court to obtain clarification or further information whenever necessary. ### Mandatory Power When the prosecution or accused applies for examination of the deponent, the Court shall summon and examine that person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. Therefore, both sides have the right to seek examination of the person whose affidavit is being relied upon. ## Rights of the Accused The accused has an important safeguard under Section 332. If the accused wishes to examine the person who has given the affidavit, the accused may apply to the Court. Upon such application, the Court is required to summon and examine the person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ## Rights of the Prosecution The prosecution has the same right. If the prosecution considers examination of the deponent necessary, it may apply to the Court. The Court shall then summon and examine the person concerning the facts stated in the affidavit. ## Meaning of "Subject to All Just Exceptions" The affidavit may be read in evidence subject to all just exceptions. This means that Section 332 does not override the general rules governing admissibility of evidence. The filing of an affidavit does not automatically make every statement contained in it admissible or conclusive. The Court must still consider the applicable rules of evidence. ## Important Distinctions ### Formal Evidence and Substantive Evidence Formal evidence generally concerns routine or official matters. Substantive evidence may concern disputed facts requiring detailed examination. Section 332 specifically deals with evidence of a **formal character**. ### Affidavit and Oral Evidence Section 332 allows formal evidence to be presented through an affidavit. However, the person may still be summoned and examined by the Court. This is especially important when the prosecution or accused requests examination. ### Section 331 and Section 332 These two provisions should not be confused. **Section 331:** Deals specifically with affidavit in proof of the conduct of public servants where allegations concerning a public servant are made in an application. **Section 332:** Deals generally with evidence of a formal character being given by affidavit. Therefore, Section 332 is broader and is not limited to public servants. ## Relationship with Section 333 Section 333 BNSS deals with the authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn or affirmed. The provisions can be remembered together: * **Section 331:** Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants. * **Section 332:** Evidence of formal character on affidavit. * **Section 333:** Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn. ## BNSS and CrPC Section 332 of the BNSS corresponds to **Section 296 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973**. The basic principle has been substantially retained. Both provisions provide for: * evidence of a formal character by affidavit; * reading of the affidavit as evidence; * the Court's power to summon and examine the deponent; and * mandatory examination when the prosecution or accused applies. ## Relationship with BSA The BNSS deals with criminal procedure, while the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 deals with the law of evidence. Section 332 provides the procedural mechanism for presenting formal evidence through an affidavit. It does not mean that every fact stated in the affidavit automatically becomes admissible or conclusive. The relevance, admissibility and evidentiary value of the material continue to be determined according to the applicable law of evidence. ## Example Suppose an officer has to provide formal evidence concerning an official record in a criminal proceeding. Instead of requiring the officer to personally appear before the Court merely to establish the formal facts, the officer may provide the evidence through an affidavit under Section 332. The affidavit may be read as evidence. If the accused considers examination of the officer necessary, the accused may apply to the Court. The Court shall then summon and examine the officer concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ## Common Confusions ### Does every witness have the right to give evidence by affidavit? **No.** Section 332 applies specifically to a person whose evidence is **of a formal character**. ### Can the Court refuse to examine the deponent when the accused applies? **No.** When the accused or prosecution applies for examination, the Court shall summon and examine the person concerning the facts contained in the affidavit. ### Does filing an affidavit mean that the deponent can never be examined? **No.** The Court may summon and examine the deponent, and examination becomes mandatory when the prosecution or accused applies. ### Is Section 332 limited to public servants? **No.** Section 332 applies to a person whose evidence is of a formal character. Section 331 specifically concerns allegations relating to public servants. ## Topic at a Glance * **Topic:** Evidence of Formal Character on Affidavit * **BNSS Section:** Section 332 * **Nature:** Procedural provision concerning affidavit evidence * **Relevant person:** Person whose evidence is of a formal character * **Mode of evidence:** Affidavit * **Use:** Affidavit may be read as evidence * **Limitation:** Subject to all just exceptions * **Court's power:** May summon and examine the deponent * **Application by prosecution or accused:** Court shall summon and examine the deponent * **CrPC Equivalent:** Section 296, CrPC, 1973 ## Quick Revision * Section 332 BNSS deals with **evidence of formal character on affidavit**. * Evidence of a formal character may be given by affidavit. * The affidavit may be read as evidence in an inquiry, trial or other proceeding. * The affidavit is subject to **all just exceptions**. * The Court may summon and examine the person who gave the affidavit. * The Court **shall** summon and examine the person when the **prosecution or accused applies**. * Section 332 is not restricted to public servants. * Section 331 deals specifically with affidavits concerning the conduct of public servants. * Section 333 deals with authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn or affirmed. * Section 332 corresponds to **Section 296 of the CrPC, 1973**. ## Conclusion Section 332 BNSS provides a convenient procedure for presenting formal evidence through affidavits. It reduces the need for personal attendance in matters that are formal in nature while preserving the right of the prosecution and accused to seek examination of the deponent. The provision therefore balances **procedural efficiency, reduction of unnecessary delay, and the right to examine relevant evidence**. bnss-section-332-affidavit-evidence Section 332 BNSS permits evidence of a formal character to be given by affidavit and allows the Court to summon and examine the deponent when necessary or when requested by the prosecution or accused. Section 332 BNSS, evidence of formal character on affidavit, Section 332 BNSS notes, affidavit evidence BNSS 2023, formal evidence by affidavit, Section 332 explained, Section 296 CrPC, BNSS and CrPC comparison

Section 332 – Evidence of Formal Character on Affidavit

Section 235 – Particulars as to time, place and person

Section 235 of BNSS, 2023 — Particulars as to Time, Place and Person

Section 124 – Application of this Chapter

Section 124 – Application of this Chapter – Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023

Section 100 – Search for persons wrongfully confined

Section 100 – Search for Persons Wrongfully Confined – Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023

Section 204 – Place of trial for offences triable together

Section 204 of BNSS, 2023 — Place of Trial for Offences Triable Together

Section 15 of the BNSS, 2023 (Special Executive Magistrates)

Section 15 of the BNSS, 2023 (Special Executive Magistrates)

Section 231 – Supply of copies of statements and documents to accused in other cases triable by Court of Session

Section 231 of BNSS, 2023 — Supply of Copies of Statements and Documents to Accused in Other Cases Triable by Court of Session

Section 445

Section 445 – High Court’s Order to Be Certified to Lower Court

Tax Laws Notes

View More Posts

GST Assessment, Audit & Enforcement

GST Assessment, Audit & Enforcement

Set-Off and Carry Forward of Losses

Set-Off and Carry Forward of Losses

Taxation of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs)

Taxation of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs)

Computation of Annual Value under House Property Income

Computation of Annual Value under House Property Income

Total Income and Gross Total Income

Total Income and Gross Total Income

Income Exempt from Tax under Section 10

Income Exempt from Tax under Section 10

Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT)

Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT)

Allowable and Disallowable Business Expenditure

Allowable and Disallowable Business Expenditure

Constitutional Law Notes

View More Posts

Article 7 – Rights of Citizenship of Certain Migrants to Pakistan

Article 7 – Rights of Citizenship of Certain Migrants to Pakistan

Article 13 – Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of Fundamental Rights

Article 13 – Laws Inconsistent With or in Derogation of Fundamental Rights

Article 25 – Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice and Propagation of Religion

Article 25 – Freedom of Conscience and Free Profession, Practice and Propagation of Religion

Article 105 – Powers, privileges and immunities of Parliament and its members

Article 105 – Powers, privileges and immunities of Parliament and its members

Article 15 – Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth

Article 15 – Prohibition of Discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth

Article 69 – Oath or Affirmation by Vice-President

Article 69 – Oath or Affirmation by Vice-President

Article 83 – Duration of Houses of Parliament

Article 83 – Duration of Houses of Parliament

Article 92 – Chairman or Deputy Chairman not to preside while resolution for removal is under consideration

Article 92 – Chairman or Deputy Chairman Not to Preside While Resolution for Removal Is Under Consideration

Legal Blogs

View More Posts

Things Every Law Student Should Have in Law School 20260524 111402 0000

Things Every Law Student Should Have in Law School

6 Min Read

file 00000000c9ec820e9159a868e4d79843

MSME Amendment Bill, 2026: What Law Students Need to Know

11 Min Read

Waqf Amendment Act 2025

Waqf (Amendment) Act 2025: Constitutional Challenges and the Supreme Court’s Interim Intervention

12 Min Read

FSSAI

FSSAI Proposes Red Hexagonal Warning Labels for High Fat, Sugar and Salt Foods

5 Min Read

Legal Research Using SCC Online and Manupatra: Practical Tips

Legal Research Using SCC Online and Manupatra: Practical Tips

8 Min Read

file 00000000cd7471f886a7e130d825edd6

Your WhatsApp Chats Can Be Evidence in Court: Here’s How to Preserve Them Properly

7 Min Read

file 00000000b7e08208947d94edc386f65f

How to Read a Bare Act Effectively: A Step-by-Step Guide for Law Students

8 Min Read

Litigation Internship at the Chamber of Advocate Vertika Sharma

Litigation Internship at the Chamber of Advocate Vertika Sharma | Apply Now!

4 Min Read

Call for Papers

View More Posts

HPNLU

Call for Papers | HPNLU Journal of Disability Studies (Vol. III), Submit by July 15, 2026!

5 Min Read

RGNUL

International Conference by RGNUL Punjab on Insolvency Law: Submit Abstract by August 10!

4 Min Read

NLU Delhi

Call for Papers: Journal on Labour by CLLRA, NLU Delhi: Submit by September 30

4 Min Read

Journal of Intellectual Property Studies (JIPS), NLU Jodhpur

Call for Papers by Journal of Intellectual Property Studies (JIPS), NLU Jodhpur [Volume X, Issue 2]: Submit by July 15!

3 Min Read

HPNLU

Call for Papers | HPNLU Journal of Disability Studies (Vol. III), Submit by July 15, 2026!

5 Min Read

VedaNyaya Call for Chapters by NLU Jodhpur

Call for Chapters: VedaNyaya ‘Law, Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies’ by NLU Jodhpur: Submit by October 31!

6 Min Read

Call for Papers | SOLVENTIA – Journal of Insolvency & Bankruptcy Laws

Call for Papers | SOLVENTIA – Journal of Insolvency & Bankruptcy Laws (Vol. III, Issue 1), Submit by Jan 31, 2026!

4 Min Read

Feminism & Psychology

Call for Papers: Intersectional Violences Special Issue by Feminism & Psychology: Submit by December 30!

3 Min Read

Guide

View More Posts

Bombay High Court

Bombay High Court Directs Immediate Medical Care for Tribal Students on Hunger Strike

The Bombay High Court has directed Maharashtra to provide immediate medical care…

How to Make the Most of Your Law Internship

How to Make the Most of Your Law Internship

An internship is more than just a line on your CV; it…

When AI Enters the Courtroom Rethinking Judicial Integrity in India’s Age of Artificial Intelligence

When AI Enters the Courtroom: Rethinking Judicial Integrity in India’s Age of Artificial Intelligence

Author Arpita Anand is a 4th-year BBA LL.B. (Hons.) student at Maharishi…

Checklist for Memorial Drafting

Checklist for Memorial Drafting Every Law Student Should Know

Structured checklist ensuring accurate, persuasive, and competition-ready moot court memorial drafting. Introduction…

Lexibal's WhatsApp

Latest Notes

View More Posts

Section 20 – When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant

Section 20 BSA: When Oral Admissions as to Contents of Documents Are Relevant

Section 19 – Proof of admissions against persons making them and by or on their behalf

Section 19 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Proof of Admissions Against Persons Making Them, and by or on Their Behalf

Section 17 – Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit

Section 17 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Admissions by Persons Whose Position Must Be Proved as Against a Party to Suit

Section 19 – Proof of admissions against persons making them and by or on their behalf

Section 19 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Proof of Admissions Against Persons Making Them, and by or on Their Behalf

Section 18 – Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit

Section 18 of Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Admissions by Persons Expressly Referred to by Party to Suit

Section 23 – Confession to police officer

Section 23 BSA: Confession to Police Officer

Section 22 – Confession caused by inducement threat coercion or promise when irrelevant in criminal proceeding

Section 22 BSA: Confession Caused by Inducement, Threat, Coercion or Promise

Section 22 – Confession caused by inducement threat coercion or promise when irrelevant in criminal proceeding

Section 22 BSA: Confession Caused by Inducement, Threat, Coercion or Promise